花绒寄甲松褐天牛生物型对云杉花墨天牛的寄生效果

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2022.05.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 云杉花墨天牛是我国中温带地区携带松材线虫的主要传播媒介，研究其生物防治技术对于我国中温带地区松材线虫病的治理有重要意义。目前花绒寄甲是防治我国南方地区松材线虫传播媒介松褐天牛的有效天敌，但还未见用于防治云杉花墨天牛，为探讨该天敌防治云杉花墨天牛的可能性，本研究分别在室内和林间测定了花绒寄甲对云杉花墨天牛的控制效果。在室内利用直接接种的方式将花绒寄甲幼虫接到不同虫态的云杉花墨天牛上，并模拟自然情况，以不同的益害比将该天敌的卵释放在含有云杉花墨天牛的木段上，观察该天敌的最佳寄生时期并明确最佳益害比。在林间全自然条件下设置了不同益害比，将花绒寄甲卵释放到有云杉花墨天牛为害的木段上，观察其自然控制情况。结果发现：室内直接接种试验，花绒寄甲幼虫在云杉花墨天牛蛹上平均寄生数量为3.10头/天牛蛹，平均寄生率为86.00%，平均存活率为57.79%。在幼虫上平均寄生数量为0.54头/天牛幼虫，平均寄生率为30.00%，平均存活率为13.92%。在室内将花绒寄甲卵释放到被云杉花墨天牛侵入的木段上，益害比为10：1时，平均寄生率最高为42.59%，校正死亡率最高为40.71%。在林间将花绒寄甲卵卡释放到木段上时，益害比为4：1时平均寄生率最高为47.68%，与益害比为2：1时（45.51%）差异不显著；当益害比为10：1时天牛平均校正死亡率最高为74.15%，高于益害比为2：1时（43.79%），但差异不显著，且寄甲平均寄生率为33.38%，低于益害比为2：1时。结果证实，花绒寄甲松褐天牛生物型幼虫对云杉花墨天牛蛹的寄生效果优于对天牛幼虫的寄生效果，因此蛹期是最佳防治时期；室内和野外防治试验均显示花绒寄甲可用于云杉花墨天牛防治；在野外利用花绒寄甲卵防治时，选择益害比为2：1时效果和经济性最佳。

关键词: 云杉花墨天牛, 松褐天牛生物型, 花绒寄甲, 益害比

Abstract: Monochamus saltuarius is a major vector of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the pathogen of the pine wilt disease,in the middle temperate zone of China, biological control of the vector is important for control of the pine wilt disease. M. alternatus is the major vector of B. xylophilus in South China. Although Dastarcus helophoroides is an effective parasitoid of M. alternatus, there are no reports of the management of M. saltuarius by D. helophoroides. The control effect of D. helophoroides on M. saltuarius was tested in the laboratory and forests. To determine the optimal timing of parasitoid release and the ratio of parasitoid to pest, D. helophoroides larvae were inoculated to M. saltuarius in different developmental stages in the laboratory, and D. helophoroides eggs were released to the cut logs of Pinus koraiensis infested by M. saltuarius in different ratios of parasitoid to pest to simulate the natural conditions. Under natural conditions in the forest, D. helophoroides eggs were released to the cut logs of P. koraiensis infested by M. saltuarius at different ratios of parasitoid to pest. The results showed that, the average number of D. helophoroides larvae parasitizing on M. saltuarius was 3.10/pupa, the average parasitism rate was 86.00%, and the average survival rate of D. helophoroides was 57.79%. When the host was M. saltuarius, the corresponding data were 0.54/larva, 30.00%, and 13.92%, respectively. In the laboratory, D. helophoroides eggs released to the cut logs of P. koraiensis infested by M. saltuarius at a parasitoid to pest ratio of 10:1 achieved the highest parasitism rate of 42.59% and the highest corrected host mortality of 40.71%. In forests, similar operation achieved the highest parasitism rates of 47.68% at a parasitoid to pest ratio of 4:1 and of 45.51% at a ratio of 2:1, which were not significantly different. The operation saw the highest corrected mortality of M. alternatus of 74.15% at a parasitoid to pest ratio of 10:1, not significantly different from that obtained at a ratio of 2:1, and an average parasitism rate of 33.38%, lower than that obtained at a ratio of 2:1. In conclusion, D. helophoroides of M. alternatus biotype performs better on M. saltuarius pupae than on M. saltuarius larvae, indicating the pupal stage is a suitable stage for control of M. saltuarius. The laboratory and forest tests show that D. helophoroides can be used to control M. saltuarius. Release of D. helophoroides eggs to control M. saltuarius in forests is cost-effective at the parasitoid to pest ratio of 2:1.

Key words: Monochamus saltuarius, Monochamus alternatus, Dastarcus helophoroides, ratio of parasitoid to pest

中图分类号:

S476.2

郑雅楠, 王珏, 王伟韬, 李洋, 范立淳, 时勇, 张彦龙. 花绒寄甲松褐天牛生物型对云杉花墨天牛的寄生效果[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2022, 38(3): 587-594.

ZHENG Yanan, WANG Jue, WANG Weitao, LI Yang, FAN Lichun, SHI Yong, ZHANG Yanlong. Parasitic Effect of Dastarcus helophoroides of Monochamus alternatus Biotype on Monochamus saltuarius[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2022, 38(3): 587-594.

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