我国部分地区土壤中绿僵菌的物种多样性

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2022.07.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 绿僵菌是一种广泛存在且具有较高经济、生态价值的极具发展前景的绿色安全生物防治材料。为了更好地了解我国绿僵菌资源的生物多样性，本研究从13个省份不同生境中采集土壤样品，采用选择培养的方法对绿僵菌菌株进行分离纯化，通过形态学、分子生物学获取其ITS1和ITS4序列等方法鉴定菌株。在用MEGA软件依据邻接法（NJ）构建基于绿僵菌菌株ITS1和ITS4序列的系统发育树并进行同源性分析的基础上，采用香农-威纳指数、优势度指数和均匀度指数评价其多样性。结果表明，在607份土壤样品中，分离出绿僵菌属真菌共计222株，其中优势菌种金龟子绿僵菌Metarhizium anisopliae 130株，优势度指数为0.586；另有马昆德绿僵菌Metarhizium marquandii 83株、黄绿绿僵菌Metarhizium flavoviride 7株、罗伯茨绿僵菌Metarhizium robertsii 2株。林地的香农-威纳指数最高，为0.983，说明其物种丰富度最高。林地的均匀度指数最高，为0.709，说明其不同种间分配最均匀。

关键词: 绿僵菌, 昆虫病原真菌, 生物多样性

Abstract: Entomopathogenic fungi in the genus Metarhizium are a common and promising green biological control agent with high economic and ecological value. In order to determine the biodiversity of Metarhizium in China, the Metarhizium was isolated and purified by selective culture from soil samples collected from different habitats in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, Tibet, Hubei, Hunan, Hainan, Hebei, Henan and Tianjin. The Metarhizium was identified by morphology and molecular biology using ITS1 and ITS4 sequences. Then the biodiversity was evaluated with the Shannon Weiner, Berger-Parker and Pielou on the basis of analysing the homology and constructing the phylogenetic tree of ITS1 and ITS4 sequences by Neighbor-Joining (NJ) method with MEGA. The result showed that 222 strains of Mertarhizium were isolated from 607 soil samples, among which there were 130 strains of M. anisopliae, which is the dominant species with a Berger-Parker value of 0.586, 83 strains of M. marquandii, 7 strains of M. flavoviride, and 2 strains of M. robertsii. The Shannon-Wiener of fallow land, farmland, orchard, grassland, and woodland were 0.451, 0.677, 0.683, 0.843, and 0.983, respectively, indicating that the wood land is of the highest species richness. And the Pielou of the above habitats were 0.325, 0.488, 0.493, 0.608, and 0.709, respectively, showing that the Metarhizium species distribution in woodland is the most homogeneous.

Key words: Metarhizium, entomogenous fungi, biodiversity

中图分类号:

S476.1

殷旭昱, 方康, 胡琼波. 我国部分地区土壤中绿僵菌的物种多样性[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2023, 39(1): 77-87.

YIN Xuyu, FANG Kang, HU Qiongbo. Species Diversity of Metarhizium spp. in Soils from Areas of China[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2023, 39(1): 77-87.

参考文献

[1] Schrank A, Vainstein M H. Metarhizium anisopliae enzymes and toxins[J]. Toxicon, 2010, 56(7):1267-1274.
[2] Tulloch M. The genus Metarhizium[J]. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 1976, 66(3):407-411.
[3] 黄勃, 樊美珍, 李增智. 绿僵菌属系统分类的研究进展(综述)[J]. 安徽农业大学学报, 2002(2):169-172.
[4] 杨华, 杨恩兰, 张功营, 等. 绿僵菌防治烟田主要害虫的研究进展与展望[J]. 中国烟草科学, 2015, 36(5):101-107.
[5] 霍英慧, 陈娟, 王晗, 等. 新疆地区绿僵菌菌株筛选及抗逆性研究[J]. 环境昆虫学报, 2022, 44(3):743-750.
[6] 郭好礼, 叶柏龄, 岳莹玉, 等. 绿僵菌属的三个新种[J]. 真菌学报, 1986(3):177-184, 196.
[7] 刘爱英, 梁宗琦, 曹蕾. 双型孢绿僵菌的鉴定演研究[J]. 贵州农学院学报, 1989(2):27-31.
[8] 梁宗琦, 刘爱英, 刘杰麟. 虫草一新种及其绿僵菌无性型[J]. 真菌学报, 1991(4):257-262.
[9] Liu Z Y, Liang Z Q, Whalley A J S, et, al. Cordyceps brittlebankisoides, a new pathogen of grubs and its anamorph, Metarhizium anisopliae var. majus[J]. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2001, 78(3):178-182.
[10] 黄勃, 李世贵, 李春如. 柱孢绿僵菌和绿色野村菌分类地位的研究[J]. 菌物学报, 2004, 23(1):33-37.
[11] Huang B, Li C R, Humber R A, et al. Molecular evidence for the taxonomic status of Metarhizium taii and its teleomorph, Cordyceps taii (Hypocreales, Clavicipitaceae)[J]. Mycotaxon, 2005, 94(3):137-147.
[12] 周素芬, 刘燕黔, 郭好礼, 等. 绿僵菌属的一个新种[J]. 微生物学杂志, 1990(S1):28-32.
[13] Bischoff J F, Rehner S A, Humber R A. A multilocus phylogeny of the Metarhizium anisopliae lineage[J]. Mycological, 2009, 101(4):512-530.
[14] Liu Z Y, Liu A Y, Yao Y J, et al. Molecular evidence for teleomorph-anamorph connections in Cordyceps taii Cordyceps brittlebankisoides, based on ITS-5.8S rDNA sequences[J]. Mycological Research, 2002, 106:1100-1108.
[15] 夏举飞, 陈玉惠, 李永和, 等. 楚雄腮扁叶蜂虫生真菌的分离鉴定及其致病性[J]. 中国森林病虫, 2015, 34(3):9-13.
[16] 蒲哲龙, 李增智. 《昆虫真菌学》[M]. 合肥:安徽科学技术出版社, 1996, 159-187.
[17] 王军, 张琨, 张绪, 等. 秦巴山区虫生真菌的分离鉴定与多样性分析[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 49(6):122-129.
[18] Brown A, Smith G. The genus Paecilomyces bainier and its perfect stage Byssochlamys westling[J]. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 1957, 40(1):13-17.
[19] Kepler R M, Humber R A, Bischoff J F, et al. Clarification of generic and species boundaries for Metarhizium and related fungi through multigene phylogenetics[J]. Mycologia, 2014, 106(4):811-829.
[20] Mongkolsamrit S, Khonsanit A, Thanakitpipattana D, et al. Revisiting Metarhizium and the description of new species from Thailand[J]. Studies in Mycology, 2020, 95 (S1):171-251.
[21] Gams W, Rozsypal J. Metarrhizium flavoviride n.sp. isolated from insects and from soil[J]. Acta Botanica Neerlandica. 1973, 22(5):518-521.
[22] Bischoff J F, Humber R R A. A multilocus phylogeny of the Metarhizium anisopliae lineage[J]. Mycologia, 2009, 101(4):512-530.
[23] 全宇, 刘永翔, 刘作易. 绿僵菌属分类的研究进展[J]. 贵州农业科学, 2011, 39(10):113-117.