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我国生物农药的推广应用现状及发展策略

郭荣   

  1. 全国农业技术推广服务中心, 北京 100125
  • 收稿日期:2010-05-29 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2011-01-18 发布日期:2011-01-18

Extension, Application and Developmental Strategies of Biopesticides in China

GUO Rong   

  1. National Agro-Technical Extension and Service Center, Beijing 100125, China
  • Received:2010-05-29 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2011-01-18 Published:2011-01-18

摘要: 我国生物农药的应用具有良好的基础,在20世纪80年代至90年代曾得到迅速发展。21世纪以来,我国生物农药的应用发展缓慢甚至停滞不前。在我国农作物病虫害防治中,生物防治占防治总面积的8%左右,其中88%为生物农药,12%为人工释放天敌昆虫和昆虫信息素诱杀,而生物农药品种中,杀虫剂占1/3,杀菌剂占2/3。制约我国生物农药推广应用的主要因素,除生物农药自身覆盖的靶标对象少、防效受环境因子影响大等因素外,缺乏激励政策、药效评价标准单一、重基础研究轻应用开发也影响了我国生物农药的发展。近年来,"公共植保,绿色植保"理念的提出和实践,为生物农药的发展提供了平台和手段,通过政府制定鼓励政策、对农民应用生物农药给予补贴、设立生物农药及生物防治技术示范推广项目等途径,可以在政策和技术层面上切实促进生物农药的推广和应用; 同时,需要加大农民技术培训力度,不仅为农民提供优质高效的生物农药品种,还要使农民掌握生物农药的应用技术。

Abstract: Bio-pesticides in China developed rapidly during 1980s to 1990s, but slowed down or even stopped since the beginning of 21st century. So far, bio-control area constitutes approximately 8% of total pest control area. Among the bio-control area, bio-pesticide covers 88% and release of natural enemies and insect pheromone traps covers the other 12%. The quantity of bio-pesticides used was allocated to fungicides at 2/3 and insecticides at 1/3. Several factors constrain the development of bio-pesticide in China, including itself shortcoming and disadvantage in policy and evaluation system and research. Nowadays, bio-pesticide is facing opportunities on the policy supports and farmer and consumer demands to develop rapidly. Encouragement policy and subsidy to application and extension, farmer training through Farmer Field School etc may be good for the promotion and development of bio-pesticide in China.

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