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Field Evaluation of Cooperative Application of Sclerotium rolfsii and Helminthosporium gramineum Rabenh. f. sp. echinochloae to Control Weeds in Dry Direct-seeded Rice

ZHUANG Chao1, ZHANG Yujia1, TANG Wei1,2, SONG Xiaoling1, YU Liuqing3, ZHANG Jianping3, QIANG Sheng1   

  1. 1. Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;2. The Agrichemicals Bioassay and Safety Evaluation Center, Zhejiang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310006, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Rice Science/China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
  • Received:2014-06-03 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2015-04-08 Published:2015-04-08

Abstract: Sclerotium rolfsii strains SC64 and Helminthosporium gramineum f. sp. echinochloae are being developed as bioherbicides—Junkekuo and Kebaimei to control broadleaf weeds and sedges and Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv, respectively. Hence, the mixture of Junkekuo and Kebaimei were used as one shot so that it could control most of mainweeds in dry direct-seeded rice.A field trial was conducted in the paddy field rotated with wheat in Jiangpu of Nanjing. The plant mortalityat 7 d and 21 d and fresh weight reductionat 21d were observed. The results showed that Junkekuo could respectively cause 25.7%—67.8% and 21.9%—66.3% plant mortality of Ammannia baccifera L. and Eclipta prostrata L. at 7 d, 26.8%—59.0% and 52.4%—82.0% fresh weight reduction at 21 d. The best efficacy was significantly higher than that of chemical treatment. Meanwhile the sensitivity of Melonia corchorifolia L. to Junkekuo was weaker than that of the former two broadleaf weeds. Junkekuo could also kill 38.7%—63.8% plants of Cyperus difformis L. at 7 d,and caused 58.5%—87.7% fresh weight reduction at 21 d. The best effect was better than chemical treatments. So Junkekuo could effectively control broadleaf weeds, some sedges and the efficacy could increase with an increasing of dosage. Kebaimei caused 40.7%—70.6% plant mortality at 7 d and 37.4%—80.5% fresh weight reduction at 21 d for E.crusgalli The best efficacy was higher than chemical control. Therefore, it could effectively control E.crusgalli with a dosage- dependence. Obviously, mixed application of two bioherbicides improved more control effect than single application of Junkekuo or Kebaimei. With the increasing of bioherbicide dosage, control efficacy to weeds increased significantly. The plant mortality ranged from 38.0%—71.0%at 7 d and fresh weight reduction reached from 40.2%—78.0% at 21 d. The best efficacy of the bioherbicide mixture was significantly higher than that of chemical control. The results showed that the mixture of Junkekuo and Kebaimei could replace chemical herbicide as a shot application for a biocontrol of main broadleaf weeds and main monocotyledonous weeds in dry direct-seeded rice.

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