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温度对花绒寄甲发育和生殖的影响

杨忠岐1, 李孟楼2, 雷琼3, 王小艺1   

  1. 1. 国家林业局森林保护学重点实验室/中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,北京 100091;2. 西北农林科技大学林学院,杨凌 712100;3. 杨凌职业技术学院,杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2011-12-02 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2012-02-08 发布日期:2012-02-08
  • 通讯作者: 杨忠岐

Effects of Temperature on Development and Reproduction of Dastarcus helophoroides (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae)

YANG Zhongqi1, LI Menglou2, LEI Qiong3, WANG Xiaoyi1   

  1. 1. Key Lab of Forest Protection of SFA, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091;2. College of Forestry, Northwest of A & F University, Yangling 712100;3. Yangling Vocational & Technical College, Yangling 712100, China
  • Received:2011-12-02 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2012-02-08 Published:2012-02-08

摘要: 花绒寄甲Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) 是寄生栗山天牛Massicus raddei (Blessig)、云斑天牛 Batocera lineolata Chevrolat、松褐天牛Monochamus alternatus Hope、光肩星天牛Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)、锈色粒肩天牛Apriona swainsoni (Hope) 等多种我国重大蛀干害虫天牛的主要天敌。为大量繁殖花绒寄甲防治天牛,本研究测定了花绒寄甲发育和生殖与温度的关系,包括卵期、幼虫期和蛹期的发育起点温度和有效积温;并研究在营养欠缺条件下不同温度处理成虫死亡率达50%时的天数,以及饲料供给充足状态下成虫的产卵量。结果表明,花绒寄甲卵期发育与温度的关系符合幂指数模型,发育起点温度和有效积温分别为12.80 ℃和126.09 日度;幼虫期和蛹期发育与温度的关系符合抛物线型,发育起点温度和有效积温分别为11.7 ℃、139.0 日度和13.9 ℃、265.24 日度。在16~19 ℃、营养缺乏条件下,成虫死亡率达50%的时间为62~63 d,表明该天敌具有较强的耐饥力。在22~25 ℃、食料供给充分条件下,成虫产卵量最大,人工大量繁殖和饲养花绒寄甲的最适温度为22 ℃。只要食料充分,花绒寄甲成虫在所有温度处理下的寿命均达 4 年以上。

Abstract: Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae) is an important parasitoid of many cerambycid wood borers in China, including Massicus raddei (Blessig), Batocera lineolata Chevrolat, Monochamus alternatus Hope, Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky, Apriona swainsoni Hope etc. In mass rearing it as a biocontrol agent to control those pests, the relationships between its development, reproduction and temperature, including development-starting temperature and effective accumulated temperature of its egg, larva and pupa stages were studied in this paper. Also the time for 50% mortality of adults under lack of nutrition condition with the treatment of five different temperatures, and fecundity with sufficient nutrition supply were examined. Results showed that the relationship of its egg development with temperature accorded with model of power number, and the egg development-starting temperature and effective accumulated temperature were 12.80 ℃ and 126.09 day-degree, respectively. The relationship of larval and pupal development with temperature accorded with parabolic curve, and larval and pupal development-starting temperature and effective accumulated temperature were 11.7 ℃, 139.0 day-degree and 13.9℃, 265.24 day-degree, respectively. The time for 50% mortality of adults under lack of nutrition condition was 62?63 d at 16?19 ℃, indicating that the parasitoid beetle had a high tolerance for starvation. Fecundity of D. helophoroides reached to the maximum with sufficient nutrition supply at temperature 22?25 ℃. Under sufficient supply of artificial diet, the life-span of D. helophoroides adults could last over 4 years at 22?25 ℃, and the optimal temperature for mass rearing of the parasitoid was 22 ℃.

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