Botanical pesticides have aroused the researchers' great interest all over the world. The article will give a concise elucidation to botanical pesticides from several aspects including the research history, current situation, industrialization efforts, application technique emphasis, special activities, biosynthesis technique, environment pattern and its mechanism, the effects of comprehensive use the residues from botanical pesticides and “pesticides-fertilizer unification” to novel plant protection theory and practice. The article present the problems appeared in fields of R & D, application, marketing promotion and management concerning botanical pesticides, and give the relevant countermeasures. And also, the article discussed the development trend and emphasis of botanical pesticides.

With enhancing of people's consciousness on health and environment as well as organic agriculture development, the “green” bioherbicide has being given more and more attention. Over twenty bioherbicide products have be registered or commercialized in worldwide, even some of them became successfully the international productions. However, the consumer market of these bioherbicides is still small due to the product self weakness. Here, this review covers the development necessity and urgency, classification, the global current status and future directions of bioherbicide. In addition, we mainly focus on that the practicability, achievements and the future prospects of the natural products-based bioherbicides. It is proposed that the structural diversity and different action target of natural products offer great opportunities for the exploiture of both directly used natural compounds as bioherbicide and synthetic herbicides with new target sites based on the structures of natural products.

This paper summarized the status and characteristics of biological pesticide industry, and analyzed the basis of biological pesticide industry development and industrial development situation; summarized the current situation of biological pesticides and related policies to guide the development of China; analyzed the competitiveness of China's bio-pesticide industry structural features and the evolution of industry trends, explored the bottleneck problem of bio-pesticide industry and the corresponding solutions; for the current development trends of biological pesticide industry, analyzed the domestic bio-pesticides, bio-pesticides market prospects and biological pesticide industry would become the rapid development of new sources of growth.

Since the 1950s, artificial reproduction of Trichogramma and their application technologies have been systemically studied in China, and a great success in selection and application of intermediate hosts suitable for mass production has been achieved. In recent years, we have made some progresses in mass production of Trichogramma with the large eggs of Chinese oak silkworm, Antheraea pernyi Guerand small eggs of rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton). In this paper, we summarized the new progresses in mass production with large eggs from the matched production facilities and processes, and with small eggs from the artificial diet composition and breeding device for larvae and collection methods for adult moth. In addition, we introduced the technologies with releasing Trichogramma for one time to long-term control corn borers and mixed-releasing two Trichogramma species produced using large eggs and small eggs to control rice striped stem borers. Ever since 2004, the total release area was approximately 13 million hectares. Overall, the great success has been achieved in the biological control of agricultural pests with Trichogramma in China. Finally, the problems and development trends in mass production of Trichogramma in future were discussed.

Trichoderma is widely used as a biocontrol microbe against plant diseases in the world, which is mainly applied for controlling a variety of soil borne plant diseases and some plant aboveground diseases. With the advent of MAMPs (microbe-associated molecular patterns) theory,the study on mechanism of plant disease control and improved plant resistance to stress factors with Trichoderma as a biocontrol agent has come into a new stage, especially as the development of technologies based on systems biology, it has become possible to understand the nature of interaction of plant-Trichoderma-pathogen from point of "omics" view, which therefore would intensively enrich the theory basis of Trichoderma as biocontrol agent. Meanwhile, a diversified technical system for applying Trichoderma products developed in national agricultural industry would provide great promotion to sustainable development of agriculture in the future. This review will focus on new research progress on biocontrol mechanism with Trichoderma against plant diseases at molecular level.

Mass-rearing and bionomics of Campoletis chlorideae were studied under laboratory conditions at 26±1℃ and 65±5% RH. The results indicated that among the five tested heliopteran species, i.e., Helicoverpa armigera, H. assulta, Spodoptera litura, S. exigua and Mythimna separata, S. litura was the most feasible host for the rearing of C. chlorideae. When S. litura larvae at different developmental stages (2-6d old) were used as the host of C. chlorideae, the developmental period of the wasp did not differ significantly. With the increase of the host's age, the parasitizing ratio of the wasp decreased, the weight of the cocoon increased, whereas the emerging ratio of the adults did not differ (around 90%). Four-day-old host could produce the largest number of cocoon (55.3%). The longevity of the adult wasp developed from 3-5-day-old S. litura larvae was the longest among the treatments. Under 26℃, the averaged number of eggs per wasp was 92.7 and most wasps emerged in the daytime. Under temperature range of 4-26℃ and supplied with 10% honey solution, the average longevity of adult wasp increased with the decrease of temperature.

Plant-parasitic nematodes, the second destructive pathogens in agriculture, could not only attack their host using various strategies and induce profound changes in plants, but also cause secondary diseases following tissue damage, which always heavily influence the growth and productivity of crops. So it is extremely urgent to find effective nematicides. There are four main methods for nematode control:agricultural control, physical control, chemical control and biological control. Among them, biological control is a new method for plant-parasitic nematode control using animals, plants, microorganisms and their secondary metabolites. As one kind of secondary metabolites, phytochemicals are the core of botanical pesticides. Comparing to synthetic nematicides, plant-derived nematicides are more kindly to environment, more toxic to target organisms, less toxic to nontarget organisms and unlikely to generate nematode resistance. Therefore it is significant to develop new green nematicides using nematicidal chemicals isolated from plants. Herein, nematicidal plants from Asteraceae, Leguminosae and Labiatae, nematicidal phytochemicals including alkaloids, terpenes, isothiocyanates, glucosinolates and phenolics, their action mechanisms against pests and the applications of plant-origin nematicides were reviewed. Plant-derived nematicides are not only helpful to the control of plant-parasitic nematodes, but are also friendly to the environment and human. We hope that more researchers could pay attention on the research of nematicidal plants, their secondary metabolites and their nematicidal mechanism which will contribute to the control of plant-parastic nematodes and the finding of more lead compounds for nematicides.

Aleiodes esenbeckii (Hartig) is a dominant natural enemy parasiting on Dendrolimus spp. in forests. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the morphology and ultrastructure of sensilla on antenna, maxillary palpus, tibia of fore leg and ovipositor of A. esenbeckii. Gnerally, A. esenbeckii have 5 types of sensilla, namely, sensillum placodeum, sensillum trichoideum, sensillum chaeticum, sensillum campaniformium and sensillum basiconicum. The adaptive implications of the morphology and distribution of these sensillum of A. esenbeckii are discussed.

The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) has a very broad host range and is a key pest in vegetable and fruit production. Native to China, Republic of Korea, DPR Korea and Japan, it has been accidentally introduced into the United States, Canada, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Germany, France, Italy, Hungary and Greece since the mid-1990s. With its rapid expansion, this insect is possibly becoming a serious agricultural pest worldwide. In the newly invaded areas, little nature enemy is found to control this pest efficiently. For example, indigenous parasites Telenomus podisi and Trissolcus flavipes in Canada and Switzerland respectively can attack H. halys eggs, but neither wasp can complete development successfully. As chemical pesticides would cause social and ecological side effects, classical biological control is consider a promising management approach, which leading to permanent establishment and long-term control H. halys in invaded areas by introducing a co-evolved host specific biological control agent. In this paper, we reviewed taxonomy, distribution, damage, biology, ecology and biological control of H. halys, with particular focus on nature enemies in the area of origin.

Parasitoids are one of the most important groups of natural enemies of insect pests, and have been widely used as biological control agents in the insect pest manegement. They inject some factors such as venom and polydnavirus into their hosts when they lay eggs into hosts to ensure their progeny develop inside or on the hosts by altering host immunity, development and metabolism. In the past thirty years, tremendous works have been done in the field of physiological regulation of host insects by parasitoids worldwide. In this review, we summarize the related progress in China based on published papers.

It was carried out to select proper substitute hosts for mass rearing Sclerodermus guani (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), an effective parasitoid for biological control of longhorned beetles in China by present experiment. The result showed that male pupae of Apis mellifera ligusteca Spinola (Hymenoptera: Apidae), was successful and that the adult wasps reared with it had high parasitic ability and vigor, and 32 individuals of the wasp adults could be on average reared out by one individual of the substitute host. The lifespan of the female wasps reared was about 29 d, the male 5.5 d at 26℃ respectively, and more than 65.45% female parasitoids could live over a mouth. Five to eight generations of the parasitoid could be reared out in a year with the substitute host. The comparison indicated that the parasitic wasp reared by the substitute host was about the same in body size, viability and parasitic ability with ones reared by the larvae of its original host, Saperda populnea L. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Meanwhile, the cost of the mass rearing by using the substitute was 7.44% of that by using larvae of S. populnea. Thus, it is recommended that the male pupa of Italian honey bee could be a good substitute host for mass rearing the parasitoid to meet the need of the biological control of many longhorned beetles.

Fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes have recognized as effective biocontrol agents to plant-parasitic nematodes. In this review, we have summarized the advances on screening, application and commercial formulations of biological agents during the past five years, and have proposed some suggestions for future researches.