齐整小核菌和禾长蠕孢菌稗草专化型复配防除直播稻田杂草的试验研究

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2015.02.013

齐整小核菌和禾长蠕孢菌稗草专化型复配防除直播稻田杂草的试验研究

庄超¹, 张羽佳¹, 唐伟^1,2, 宋小玲¹, 余柳青³, 张建萍³, 强胜¹

1. 南京农业大学杂草研究室, 南京 210095;2. 浙江省化工研究院有限公司生测安评中心, 杭州 310006;3. 中国水稻研究所/水稻生物学国家重点实验室, 杭州 310006

收稿日期:2014-06-03 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2015-04-08 发布日期:2015-04-08
通讯作者: 强胜,博士,教授,E-mail:wrl@njau.edu.cn

Field Evaluation of Cooperative Application of Sclerotium rolfsii and Helminthosporium gramineum Rabenh. f. sp. echinochloae to Control Weeds in Dry Direct-seeded Rice

ZHUANG Chao¹, ZHANG Yujia¹, TANG Wei^1,2, SONG Xiaoling¹, YU Liuqing³, ZHANG Jianping³, QIANG Sheng¹

1. Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;2. The Agrichemicals Bioassay and Safety Evaluation Center, Zhejiang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310006, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Rice Science/China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China

Received:2014-06-03 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2015-04-08 Published:2015-04-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 由齐整小核菌Sclerotium rolfsii SC64和禾长蠕孢菌稗草专化型Helminthosporium gramineum f. sp. echinochloae(Hge)开发的生物除草剂菌克阔和克稗霉,分别防除阔叶草、莎草和稗草,将其复配可能一次性控制直播稻田稗草、阔叶草和莎草等主要杂草.因此在南京江浦农场进行了大田试验,设置了9种不同处理以评价其防除效果.结果表明,菌克阔对水苋菜和鳢肠7 d的株防效随浓度由低到高分别为25.7%～67.8%和21.9%～66.3%,21 d的鲜重防效为26.8%～59.0%和52.4%～82.0%,最优防效高于化学除草剂,其中该菌对马松子的防效差于前两者;对异型莎草7 d的株防效随浓度由低到高为38.7%～63.8%,21 d的鲜重防效为58.5%～87.7%,最优防效高于化学除草剂,因此该菌能有效防除水苋菜、鳢肠等阔叶杂草和异型莎草,防效随着用量的增加而增大;克稗霉对稗草7 d的株防效随浓度由低到高为40.7%～70.6%,21 d的鲜重防效为37.4%～80.5%,最优防效高于化学除草剂,因此该菌能够有效防除稗草,防效随着用量的增加而增大.与单用菌克阔或克稗霉仅分别对阔叶和莎草或稗草有效不同,复配明显提高了总草防效,7 d总草株防效从38.0%～71.0%,21 d的鲜重防效从40.2%～78.0%,防效随着复配剂量的增加而增大.其中,最优防效显著高于化学除草剂处理,说明菌克阔和克稗霉复配能有效防除主要杂草,可以替代化学除草剂应用于直播稻田.

Abstract: Sclerotium rolfsii strains SC64 and Helminthosporium gramineum f. sp. echinochloae are being developed as bioherbicides—Junkekuo and Kebaimei to control broadleaf weeds and sedges and Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv, respectively. Hence, the mixture of Junkekuo and Kebaimei were used as one shot so that it could control most of mainweeds in dry direct-seeded rice.A field trial was conducted in the paddy field rotated with wheat in Jiangpu of Nanjing. The plant mortalityat 7 d and 21 d and fresh weight reductionat 21d were observed. The results showed that Junkekuo could respectively cause 25.7%—67.8% and 21.9%—66.3% plant mortality of Ammannia baccifera L. and Eclipta prostrata L. at 7 d, 26.8%—59.0% and 52.4%—82.0% fresh weight reduction at 21 d. The best efficacy was significantly higher than that of chemical treatment. Meanwhile the sensitivity of Melonia corchorifolia L. to Junkekuo was weaker than that of the former two broadleaf weeds. Junkekuo could also kill 38.7%—63.8% plants of Cyperus difformis L. at 7 d,and caused 58.5%—87.7% fresh weight reduction at 21 d. The best effect was better than chemical treatments. So Junkekuo could effectively control broadleaf weeds, some sedges and the efficacy could increase with an increasing of dosage. Kebaimei caused 40.7%—70.6% plant mortality at 7 d and 37.4%—80.5% fresh weight reduction at 21 d for E.crusgalli The best efficacy was higher than chemical control. Therefore, it could effectively control E.crusgalli with a dosage- dependence. Obviously, mixed application of two bioherbicides improved more control effect than single application of Junkekuo or Kebaimei. With the increasing of bioherbicide dosage, control efficacy to weeds increased significantly. The plant mortality ranged from 38.0%—71.0%at 7 d and fresh weight reduction reached from 40.2%—78.0% at 21 d. The best efficacy of the bioherbicide mixture was significantly higher than that of chemical control. The results showed that the mixture of Junkekuo and Kebaimei could replace chemical herbicide as a shot application for a biocontrol of main broadleaf weeds and main monocotyledonous weeds in dry direct-seeded rice.

中图分类号:

庄超1 , 张羽佳1 , 唐伟1,2 , 宋小玲1 , 余柳青3 , 张建萍3 , 强胜1 . 齐整小核菌和禾长蠕孢菌稗草专化型复配防除直播稻田杂草的试验研究[J]. , DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2015.02.013 .

ZHUANG Chao¹, ZHANG Yujia¹, TANG Wei^1,2, SONG Xiaoling¹, YU Liuqing³, ZHANG Jianping³, QIANG Sheng¹. Field Evaluation of Cooperative Application of Sclerotium rolfsii and Helminthosporium gramineum Rabenh. f. sp. echinochloae to Control Weeds in Dry Direct-seeded Rice[J]. , DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2015.02.013 .

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