中国哈尔滨地区园林地空中蛾类群落结构特征

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2021.03.022

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 2017—2018年，利用高空测报灯对哈尔滨地区园林地空中蛾类进行逐日监测记录。共诱集蛾类22科216属334种36083头；其中，沙枣尺蠖Apochemia cinerarius为4月蛾类群落优势种，小菜蛾Plutella xylostella为5—6月蛾类群落优势种，苹掌舟蛾Phalera flavescens、八字地老虎Xestia c-nigrum、瘦银锭夜蛾Macdunnoughia confusa及黄紫美冬夜蛾Cirrhia togata分别为7—10月各月蛾类群落优势种。统计得出物种丰富度（S）、个体总数（N）、优势度指数（D）、等级多样性指数（H）、均匀度（J'）及相似性系数（Cs）相关群落参数。蛾类群落个体总数、等级多样性指数及均匀度，均随时间推移呈先增加后减小趋势；各月间，相似度系数差异较大。依据生态位优先占领假说，对该地区种-多度分布进行了曲线拟合，拟合方程为n_i=35.69×1.83×（1.83－1）^（i―1）。研究结果的取得，为该地区开展蛾类发生监测，提供了基础性参考数据。

关键词: 高空测报灯, 蛾类, 群落结构

Abstract: In 2017 and 2018, a vertical pointing search trap light was used to monitor moths daily in the air of a garden land in Harbin. A total of 36,083 moths were trapped and were identified to 334 species, 216 genera and 22 families. In April, Apochemia cinerarius was the dominant species. In May and June, the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, was the dominant species. In July, August, September, and October, the dominant species were Phalera flavescens, Xestia c-nigrum, Macdunnoughia confuse, and Cirrhia togata, respectively. Species richness, individual population size, dominance index, hierarchical diversity index, species evenness, and coefficient of similarity of the moths community were analyzed. Individual population size, species evenness and hierarchical diversity index of the moths all increased with the advance of season and then decreased gradually. There were significant differences in the coefficients of similarity of the moths community among months. Basing on the hypothesis of Niche Priority Occupation, a curve n_i=35.69×1.83×(1.83—1)^(i―1) was fitted to describe the species abundance distribution in this region. The results are important for further studies on moths monitoring in Harbin.

Key words: vertical pointing search trap light, moth, community structure

中图分类号:

高博, 刘哲, 霍东博, 刘健. 中国哈尔滨地区园林地空中蛾类群落结构特征[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2021, 37(6): 1213-1220.

GAO Bo, LIU Zhe, HUO Dongbo, LIU Jian. Community Structure Characteristics of the Moths in the Air of a Garden Land in Harbin, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2021, 37(6): 1213-1220.

参考文献

[1] Kosuke A, Chey V K, Masanori J T. Assessment of higher insect taxa as bioindicators for different logging-disturbance regimes in lowland tropical rain forest in Sabah, Malaysia[J]. Ecological Research, 2007, 22(4):542-550.
[2] 朱弘复,王林瑶.中国动物志,昆虫纲.第十一卷,鳞翅目[M].北京:科学出版社, 1997.
[3] 韩永强,侯茂林,林炜,等.北方稻区水稻害虫发生与防治[J].植物保护, 2008, 34(3):12-17.
[4] 刘健,赵奎军.中国东北地区大豆主要食叶性害虫种类分析[J].昆虫知识, 2010, 47(3):576-581.
[5] 纪艳,霍艳岩,刘琪琦,等.佳木斯地区玉米害虫种类调查及其防治措施[J].内蒙古农业科技, 2015, 43(3):49-50, 67.
[6] 周文靖,李婷婷,邹玉,等.双鸭山地区主要作物害虫种类调查[J].安徽农业科学, 2018, 46(25):132-133, 136.
[7] 裴海英,于洪春,谭贵忠,等.哈尔滨市黑光灯下蛾类种类调查[J].东北农业大学学报, 2000, 31(4):346-351.
[8] 邵天玉,王克勤,李新民,等.太阳能灭虫灯的灭虫效果及改进建议[J].北华大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 13(1):102-104.
[9] Feng H Q, Wu K M, Cheng D F, et al. Radar observations of the autumn migration of the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) and other moths in Northern China[J]. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 2003, 93(2):115-124.
[10] Guo J L, Fu X W, Zhao S Y, et al. Long-term shifts in abundance of (migratory) crop-feeding and beneficial insect species in northeastern Asia[J]. Journal of Pest Science, 2020, 93(2):583-594.
[11] 周先涌,赵胜园,陈少健,等.海南省三沙市空中昆虫类群结构研究[J].应用昆虫学报, 2019, 56(4):804-818.
[12] 桑文,黄求应,王小平,等.中国昆虫趋光性及灯光诱虫技术的发展、成就与展望[J].应用昆虫学报, 2019, 56(5):907-916.
[13] 张云慧,乔红波,程登发,等.垂直监测昆虫雷达空中昆虫监测的初步应用[J].植物保护, 2007, 33(3):23-26.
[14] 张云慧,程登发.突发性暴发性害虫监测预警研究进展[J].植物保护, 2013, 39(5):55-61.
[15] 朱弘复.蛾类图册[M].北京:科学出版社, 1973.
[16] 中国科学院动物研究所.中国蛾类图鉴[M].北京:科学出版社, 1981.
[17] 丁建云,谷天明,贾峰勇.果园灯下常见昆虫原色图谱[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2008.
[18] 张治良,赵颖,丁秀云.沈阳昆虫原色图鉴[M].沈阳:辽宁民族出版社, 2009.
[19] 丁建云,张建华.北京灯下蛾类图谱[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2016.
[20] 杨向东,董建臻,李瑞军,等.冀西北坝上地区灯下蛾类群落结构特征[J].生态学报, 2010, 30(15):4234-4240.
[21] 刘生冬,孟昕,尚军烨,等.长白山苔原带昆虫群落组成与时间动态[J].昆虫学报, 2019, 62(2):95-102.
[22] 赵志模,郭依泉.群落生态学原理与方法[M].重庆:科学技术文献出版社重庆分社, 1990.
[23] 刘生冬,孟庆繁,高文韬.长白山自然保护区北坡蛾类的多样性[J].东北林业大学学报, 2007, 35(10):51-53.
[24] 李天芳,王强,顾伟,等.小兴安岭凉水自然保护区云杉人工林蛾类多样性及季节动态[J].中南林业科技大学学报, 2016, 36(9):57-61.
[25] 问荣荣,马玲,刘哲强,等.小兴安岭森林恢复期不同植被区域蛾类组成及其多样性[J].生态学报, 2016, 36(15):4816-4823.
[26] 方瑞元,孙伟,赵孝东,等.鲁南地区花生昆虫群落结构及多样性变化研究[J].环境昆虫学报, 2020, 42(3):674-683.
[27] 周先涌,赵胜园,闫冉,等.海南南部夜间空中昆虫群落结构研究[J].环境昆虫学报, 2020, 42(3):638-659.
[28] 程遐年.中国迁飞昆虫的研究进展[J].昆虫知识, 1992, 29(3):146-149.
[29] 戴志一,朱美云.内蒙古地区沙枣尺蠖的发生规律和防治[J].昆虫学报,1979, 22(4):420-427,484.
[30] 柯礼道,方菊莲.小菜蛾生物学的研究:生活史、世代数及温度关系[J].昆虫学报, 1979, 22(3):310-319.
[31] Talekar N S, Shelton A M. Biology, ecology, and management of the diamondback moth[J]. Annual Review of Entomology, 1993, 38(1):275-301.
[32] 张友军,吴青君,王少丽,等.我国蔬菜重要害虫研究现状与展望[J].植物保护, 2013, 39(5):38-45.
[33] 刘天生,温梅芳,柯富士,等.低氧胁迫下小菜蛾的两性生命表研究[J].福建农业学报, 2017, 32(3):305-311.
[34] 武春生,方承莱.中国动物志,昆虫纲,鳞翅目,舟蛾科(第31卷)[M].北京:科学出版社, 2003.
[35] 章一巧.上海辰山植物园常见蛾类群落结构研究[J].中国森林病虫, 2020, 39(5):31-35.
[36] Brown K S, Freitas A L. Butterfly communities of urban forest fragments in campinas, São Paulo, Brazil:structure, instability, environmental correlates, and conservation[J]. Journal of Insect Conservation, 2002, 6(4):217-231.