甘南州小籽油菜田昆虫群落及生态调控效应分析

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2026.01.031

中国生物防治学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 797-808.DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2026.01.031

• 研究论文 • 上一篇

甘南州小籽油菜田昆虫群落及生态调控效应分析

杨洁^1,2, 周强民¹, 康晓敏¹, 王繁珍^1,4, 戴彩虹³, 桑安平³, 刘娜^1,4, 姜永成^1,4

1. 天津农学院工程技术学院, 天津 300384;
2. 天津市农业科学院信息研究所, 天津 300192;
3. 甘南藏族自治州农业科学研究所, 甘南 749099;
4. 甘南藏族自治州天农科技研究院, 甘南 749099

收稿日期:2025-09-08 发布日期:2026-08-26
通讯作者: 姜永成，博士，教授，E-mail:jiangyongcheng@tjau.edu.cn。
作者简介:杨洁，博士，助理研究员，E-mail:yangjie418529@163.com。
基金资助:
2024年中央引导地方科技发展资金科技援助项目(24ZYCGSN01360)

Insect Community and Ecological Regulation in Small-Seeded Rape Fields in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

YANG Jie^1,2, ZHOU Qiangmin¹, KANG Xiaomin¹, WANG Fanzhen^1,4, DAI Caihong³, SANG Anping³, LIU Na^1,4, JIANG Yongcheng^1,4

1. College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China;
2. Institute of Information Science, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China;
3. Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Agricultural Science Research Institute, Gannan 749099, China;
4. Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Tiannong Agricultural Science and Technology Research Institute, Gannan 749099, China

Received:2025-09-08 Published:2026-08-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究甘南州高海拔小籽油菜田昆虫群落结构及其生态调控潜力，本研究于2025年6月对甘南州6个不同农业生态类型小籽油菜田开展系统调查。采用样线踏查法记录物种组成，结合形态学鉴定和区系分析，评估群落结构与生态功能团划分，并利用Jaccard相似性系数分析不同田块物种相似性。结果表明：（1）共鉴定昆虫9目32科51种，鞘翅目Coleoptera(43.14%)、鳞翅目Lepidoptera(21.57%)和双翅目Diptera(13.73%)为优势类群；（2）生态功能团中植食性占比最高，但多物种具双重生态功能（如西北豆芫菁Epicauta sibirica成虫为害油菜、幼虫捕食害虫）；（3）区系以古北界为主（74.5%），受华北亚区、华中亚区扩散影响显著，无严格青藏特有种；（4）田块间Jaccard相似性系数为0.14～0.63，油菜田6因物候差异独特性最高，油菜田4和油菜田5表现出最高的相似性系数（0.63），且与其他田块的相似性也普遍较高（0.38～0.54），推测其处于油菜田生态系统的核心位置。综上，甘南州油菜田群落具有高功能复杂性和空间异质性。基于“上行效应”机制，提出两方面生态调控技术：（1）保护本地广捕性与专性天敌；（2）利用生态岛种植功能植物增强天敌栖息。

关键词: 高原农业害虫, 区系分析, 自然控制, IPM

Abstract: To investigate the insect community structure and ecological regulation potential in high-altitude small-seeded rape fields in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, this study conducted a systematic survey in June 2025 across six small-seeded rape fields representing different agricultural ecosystem types in Gannan. Species composition was recorded using transect walking surveys. Morphological identification and faunal analysis were employed to assess community structure and functional group division, while Jaccard similarity coefficients were used to analyze species similarity between different plots. The results showed that:(1) A total of 51 insect species belonging to 32 families and 9 orders were identified. Coleoptera(43.14%), Lepidoptera(21.57%), and Diptera(13.73%) were the dominant groups.(2) Phytophagous insects constituted the highest proportion within the functional groups, but many species exhibited dual ecological functions(e.g., adult Epicauta sibirica damages rape, while its larvae prey on pests).(3) The fauna was dominated by the Palearctic Realm(74.5%), significantly influenced by species dispersal from the North China and Central China subregions, with no strictly endemic Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau species found.(4) Jaccard similarity coefficients between plots ranged from 0.14 to 0.63. Plot 6 exhibited the highest uniqueness due to phenological differences. Plots 4 and 5 showed the highest similarity coefficient(0.63) and generally higher similarity with other plots(0.38—0.54), suggesting they may occupy a core position within the ecological network. In conclusion, the insect communities in Gannan rape fields exhibit high functional complexity and spatial heterogeneity. Based on the “top-down control” mechanism, two ecological regulation techniques are proposed:(1) Protecting native generalist and specialist natural enemies;(2) Utilizing ecological islands planted with functional plants to enhance natural enemy habitats.

Key words: plateau crop pests, faunal analysis, natural control, IPM

中图分类号:

S435.6

杨洁, 周强民, 康晓敏, 王繁珍, 戴彩虹, 桑安平, 刘娜, 姜永成. 甘南州小籽油菜田昆虫群落及生态调控效应分析[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2026, 42(4): 797-808.

YANG Jie, ZHOU Qiangmin, KANG Xiaomin, WANG Fanzhen, DAI Caihong, SANG Anping, LIU Na, JIANG Yongcheng. Insect Community and Ecological Regulation in Small-Seeded Rape Fields in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2026, 42(4): 797-808.

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甘南州小籽油菜田昆虫群落及生态调控效应分析

Insect Community and Ecological Regulation in Small-Seeded Rape Fields in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

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