蓝色长盾金小蜂生物学习性观察

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2020.03.005

中国生物防治学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (3): 327-334.DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2020.03.005

蓝色长盾金小蜂生物学习性观察

李贤^1,2, 牛黎明², 符悦冠², 陈俊谕², 李磊², 韩冬银², 张方平², 朱俊洪¹

1. 海南大学热带农林学院, 海口 570228;
2. 中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所, 海口 571101

收稿日期:2019-10-11 出版日期:2020-06-08 发布日期:2020-06-12
通讯作者: 张方平,副教授,E-mail:fangpingz97@163;朱俊洪,副教授,E-mail:5477750@qq.com。
作者简介:李贤,硕士研究生,E-mail:2218505312@qq.com
基金资助:
中国热带农业科学院基本业务费（1630042017002）；国家天然橡胶产业技术体系（CARS-33-GW-BC2）；海南省重点研发项目（ZDYF2017041）

Observations on Biological Characteristics of Scutellista caerulea Fonscolombe

LI Xian^1,2, NIU Liming², FU Yueguan², CHEN Junyu², LI Lei², HAN Dongyin², ZHANG Fangping², ZHU Junhong¹

1. College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
2. Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou 571101, China

Received:2019-10-11 Online:2020-06-08 Published:2020-06-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 蓝色长盾金小蜂Scutellista caerulea Fonscolombe是橡副珠蜡蚧Parasaissetia nigra Nietner的重要天敌之一。为了探明该蜂的生物学习性，作者在室内观察了该蜂的交配行为、寄生行为、发育及其对寄主龄期的选择性。结果显示：蓝色长盾金小蜂的交配行为包括搜寻与求偶、交尾前期、交尾、交尾后期4个阶段。小蜂的寄生行为分为搜寻寄主、触角检测、产卵针刺探、产卵、产卵后梳理5个过程；同一小蜂的寄生次数为1～3次，寄生时间随着寄生次数的增加而减少，超过3次时，寄生时间相对延长。在室温25℃～27℃，金小蜂世代发育经卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫共4个阶段，发育历期为28～30 d，其中卵期3 d，幼虫期9～10 d，蛹期16～17 d。蓝色长盾金小蜂对橡副珠蜡蚧黑色成虫的选择系数最高，为0.57，对初期成虫的选择系数最低，为0.07。寄主虫期对蓝色长盾金小蜂的发育与繁殖影响明显，在寄主为初期成虫至黑色成虫时，蓝色长盾金小蜂的发育历期随着寄主虫期的增大而缩短，出蜂数则呈上升趋势，发育历期以寄主为初期成虫时最长，为31.8 d，寄主为黑色成虫时最短，为27.5 d；出蜂数以寄主为黑色成虫最多，初期成虫最低；寄主虫期对蓝色长盾金小蜂雌性比无影响。综上所述，蓝色长盾金小蜂的寄生时间与寄生次数密切相关，黑色成虫期的橡副珠蜡蚧是最适宜寄主，研究结果可为该蜂进一步扩繁利用提供依据。

关键词: 蓝色长盾金小蜂, 橡副珠蜡蚧, 橡胶, 寄主虫期, 扩繁

Abstract: Scutellista caerulea Fonscolombe is one of the important natural enemies of Parasaissetia nigra Nietner. The wasp is an ectoparasitoid that oviposits eggs on the abdomen of the host and the hatching larva feeds on the host eggs that are produced under the abodemon. The biological characteristics of this wasp, including mating behaviors, parasitic behaviors, development, and preference for host instars were observed indoors. The results show that the whole mating behaviors of the wasp consisted of 4 phases:searching and courtship, pre-copulating, copulating, and post-copulating. The parasitic behaviors of the wasp could be divided into five steps, i.e., host searching, antennal detecting, ovipositor penetrating, ovipositing, and cleaning after oviposition. Duration of the parasitic behaviors of a wasp decreased with the number of parasitism in the range of 1 to 3, but increased when the number of parasitism of a wasp exceeded 3 times. At temperature of 25-27℃, S. caerulea generation lasted 28-30 d, of which the periods of egg, larv and pupa were 3, 9-10 and 16-17 d, respectively. S. caerulea preferred the black adults of P. nigra the most and the newly emerged adults of P. nigra the lowest. Host age had significant effects on the development and propagation of S. caerulea. When the hosts were from newly emerged adults to black adults, development duration of the wasps decreased with host age, while the number of emerged wasps increased with host age. The development duration reached the maximum of 31.8 d and the minimum of 27.5 d when the hosts were newly emerged adults and black adults, respectively. The number of emerged offsprings reached the maximum of 117.3 and the lowest of 36.3 when the hosts were black adults and newly emerged adults, respectively. Host age had no effect on sex ratio of S. caerulea. These results show that the black adults of P. nigra are the most suitable host for S. caerulea and can provide a basis for further propagation and utilization of this wasp.

Key words: Scutellista caerulea, Parasaissetia nigra, parasitism, rubber, mass rearing

中图分类号:

S476.3

李贤, 牛黎明, 符悦冠, 陈俊谕, 李磊, 韩冬银, 张方平, 朱俊洪. 蓝色长盾金小蜂生物学习性观察[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2020, 36(3): 327-334.

LI Xian, NIU Liming, FU Yueguan, CHEN Junyu, LI Lei, HAN Dongyin, ZHANG Fangping, ZHU Junhong. Observations on Biological Characteristics of Scutellista caerulea Fonscolombe[J]. Chinese Journal Of Biological Control, 2020, 36(3): 327-334.

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蓝色长盾金小蜂生物学习性观察

Observations on Biological Characteristics of Scutellista caerulea Fonscolombe

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