40种昆虫性别偏向基因演化分析初探

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.09.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 昆虫性二型现象的演化机制是演化生物学研究的重要问题，性别偏向基因是驱动性二型演化的遗传基础，然而其跨目级演化动态其与昆虫功能适应性关系仍不明晰。本文基于40种昆虫成虫期转录组与比较基因组分析，初步解析了性别偏向基因在昆虫中的演化模式。结果表明性别偏向基因在昆虫演化中快速变化，其中仅有162个雌性偏向与46个雄性偏向基因家族在跨物种中高度保守，功能分别富集于雌性配子形成调控及雄性精子动力系统。此外，不同目和物种的特异性别偏向基因数量及功能富集结果差异显著，可能反映了这些昆虫特有的生态适应性。本研究首次揭示昆虫性别偏向基因的跨目级动态变化，为性二型演化的理解提供了新视角，也为筛选性别特异性靶标应用于害虫防控或益虫利用奠定了分子基础。

关键词: 性二型现象, 性别偏向基因, 同源基因, 功能适应

Abstract: The evolutionary mechanism of sexual dimorphism in insects is crucial for evolutionary biology research. Sex-biased genes are the genetic basis driving the evolution of sexual dimorphism; however, the dynamics of its evolution across the order level and its relationship with insect adaptations remain unclear. In this study, we preliminarily analyzed the evolutionary patterns of sex-biased genes in 40 species of insects, using transcriptome and comparative genomic analysis. The results showed that sex-biased genes changed rapidly during insect evolution, among which only 162 female-biased and 46 male-biased gene families were highly conserved across species, and their functions were enriched in the regulation of female gamete formation and male sperm motility system, respectively. In addition, the numbers and functional enrichment results of order-specific sex-biased genes were significantly different, which may reflect their unique ecological adaptability. This study reveals for the first time the dynamic changes of sex-biased genes in insects at the cross-order level, providing a new perspective for understanding the evolution of sexual dimorphism and laying a molecular foundation for screening sex-specific targets for pest control and exploration of beneficial insects.

Key words: sexual dimorphism, sex-biased genes, orthologous genes, functional adaptation

中图分类号:

S476

卜一凡, 俞凯丽, 熊时姣, 白雪, 杨义, 叶昕海, 叶恭银. 40种昆虫性别偏向基因演化分析初探[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2026, 42(2): 435-447.

BU Yifan, YU Kaili, XIONG Shijiao, BAI Xue, YANG Yi, YE Xinhai, YE Gongyin. A Preliminary Study on the Evolution of Sex-biased Genes in 40 Insects[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2026, 42(2): 435-447.

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