功能植物对大豆田蚜虫及其捕食性天敌种群动态的影响

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2026.01.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确功能植物对新疆大豆田蚜虫及其捕食性天敌的调控作用，本研究在大豆田边缘种植功能植物蛇床草Cnidium monnieri、香雪球Lobularia maritima和阿米芹Ammi visnaga，通过田间系统调查和罩笼天敌排除法，评价了功能植物对大豆田蚜虫及捕食性天敌种群动态的影响。结果表明，三种功能植物上的主要捕食性天敌为多异瓢虫Hippodamia variegata、中华通草蛉Chrysoperla sinica、大灰优食蚜蝇Eupeodes corollae和东亚小花蝽Orius sauteri，其优势种均为多异瓢虫，蛇床草上捕食性天敌数量最多（810头）。功能植物种植区多异瓢虫和中华通草蛉的种群数量均显著高于对照区，其中阿米芹种植区多异瓢虫种群增加率最高（63.41%），香雪球种植区中华通草蛉种群增加率最高（46.41%）；功能植物种植区棉蚜Aphis gossypii的种群数量显著低于对照区，其中蛇床草种植区棉蚜种群减退率最高（65.73%）；在棉蚜的主要发生时期（7月6日—7月24日），三种功能植物种植区的生物控害指数（除7月6日阿米芹和7月18日香雪球种植区外）均显著性高于对照区。本研究表明三种功能植物可对大豆田蚜虫及其捕食性天敌种群起到较好的调控作用，为今后利用其进行害虫生态调控提供了科学依据。

关键词: 蛇床草, 香雪球, 阿米芹, 生境管理, 保护性生物防治

Abstract: The regulatory impacts of functional plants on aphids and their predatory natural enemies in Xinjiang soybean fields were investigated through planting functional plants including Cnidium monnieri, Lobularia maritima, and Ammi visnaga along the edges of soybean fields. By means of systematic field survey and cage exclusion method for natural enemies, the effects of functional plants on the population dynamics of aphids and predatory natural enemies in soybean fields were assessed. The findings indicated that the principal predatory natural enemies associated with the three functional plants were Hippodamia variegata, Chrysoperla sinica, Eupeodes corollae, and Orius sauteri. Among these, H. variegata was identified as the dominant species, and the number of natural enemies on C. monnieri was the greatest(810 individuals). The population sizes of H. variegata and C. sinica in the functional plant planting areas were significantly higher than those in the control area. The population growth rate of H. variegata was the highest(63.41%) in the A. visnaga planting area, while that of C. sinica was the highest(46.41%) in the L. maritima planting area. The population size of Aphis gossypii in the functional plant planting areas was significantly lower than that in the control area. A. gossypii showed the highest(65.73%) population decline in the C. monnieri planting area. During the peak period of A. gossypii(from July 6 th to July 24 th), the biological control index conferred by the three functional plants(with the exception of A. visnaga on July 6 th and L. maritima on July 18 th) were significantly higher than those in the control. This research shows that the three functional plants can effectively regulate the populations of aphids and their predatory natural enemies in soybean fields, offering a scientific foundation for future ecological pest control with these plants.

Key words: Cnidium monnieri, Lobularia maritima, Ammi visnaga, habitat management, conservation biological control

中图分类号:

S476

施鑫, 马家庆, 袁旭彤, 张文慧, 周晓通, 陈静, 蔡志平. 功能植物对大豆田蚜虫及其捕食性天敌种群动态的影响[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2026, 42(4): 789-796.

SHI Xin, MA Jiaqing, YUAN Xutong, ZHANG Wenhui, ZHOU Xiaotong, CHEN Jing, CAI Zhiping. Effects of Functional Plants on the Population Dynamics of Aphids and Their Predatory Natural Enemies in Soybean Fields[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2026, 42(4): 789-796.

/ 推荐

参考文献

[1] 查霆,钟宣伯,周启政,等.我国大豆产业发展现状及振兴策略[J]. 大豆科学, 2018, 37(3):458-463.
[2] 苗红萍,田聪华,王仙.新疆大豆生产与布局历史演变分析[J]. 大豆科技, 2024(5):36-43.
[3] 叶文武,刘万才,王源超.中国大豆病虫害发生现状及全程绿色防控技术研究进展[J]. 植物保护学报, 2023, 50(2):265-273.
[4] 魏然,陈祥金,李阳,等.黑龙江省近年常见大豆虫害防治方法研究进展[J]. 大豆科技, 2023(3):36-42.
[5] 潘明真,张毅,曹贺贺,等.我国主要农作物蚜虫生物防治的研究进展、应用与展望[J]. 植物保护学报, 2022, 49(1):146-172.
[6] 杨亚洁,李姝,方艳,等.大草蛉对不同时期芳香植物甜罗勒及其主要挥发物质的嗅觉行为反应[J]. 环境昆虫学报, 2023, 45(4):1063-1071.
[7] 杨泉峰,欧阳芳,门兴元,等.功能植物的作用原理、方式及研究展望[J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2020, 57(1):41-48.
[8] Yang Q F, Li Z, Ouyang F, et al. Flower strips promote natural enemies, provide efficient aphidbiocontrol, and reduce insecticide requirement in cotton crops[J]. Entomolgia Generalis, 2022, 43(2):421-432.
[9] Yang Q F, Men X Y, Zhao W L, et al. Flower strips as a bridge habitat facilitate the movement of predatory beetles from wheat to maize crops[J]. Pest Management Science, 2020, 77:1839-1850.
[10] Yan S, Yu J, Han M, et al. Intercrops can mitigate pollen-mediated gene flow from transgenic cotton while simultaneously reducing pest densities[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 711:134855.
[11] Chi B J, Zhang D M, Dong H Z. Control of cotton pests and diseases by intercropping:A review[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2021, 20(12):3089-3100.
[12] 彭雪凡,周晓通,维尼热·买合木提,等.不同功能植物对棉花蚜虫及其捕食性天敌的影响[J]. 植物保护学报, 2024, 51(1):39-49.
[13] Xue Z, Peng T, Liu B, et al. Licorice strips enhance predator mediated biological control in China’s cotton crop[J]. Pest Management Science, 2023, 79(2):781-791.
[14] 戈峰,梁潇以,张兴瑞,等.功能植物蛇床草生态控害作用及其应用[J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2025, 62(3):559-566.
[15] 杨泉峰,欧阳芳,门兴元,等.北方富含天敌的功能植物的发现与应用[J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2018, 55(5):942-947.
[16] Li Z, Chang C Y, Yuan Y Y, et al. Functional plant, Cnidium monnieri, facilitates the conservation and the biocontrol performance of natural enemies[J]. The Innovation Geoscience, 2023, 1(3):100045.
[17] Denise J, Everett M. Effects of sweet alyssum flowers on the longevity of the parasitoid wasps Cotesia marginiventris(Hymenoptera:Braconidae)and Diadegma insulare(Hymenoptera:Ichneumonidae)[J]. Florida Entomologist, 2000, 83:41-47.
[18] 王雪倩.利用两种蜜源植物增强海氏桨角蚜小蜂对烟粉虱的控害潜力[D]. 杭州:浙江大学, 2022.
[19] 黄淑洋.功能植物对棉田天敌控害作用的影响[D]. 石河子:石河子大学, 2024.
[20] 张文慧,黄淑洋,李慧琴,等.功能植物阿米芹的特征及其应用潜能[J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2024, 61(6):1170-1176.
[21] 洪巧瑜,张建军,王淳,等.外来植物药阿米芹的中药药性探讨[J]. 中华中医药杂志, 2022, 37(4):2284-2288.
[22] 戈峰,门兴元,李卓,等.中国害虫生态防控的成就、技术突破与未来展望[J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2025, 62(3):549-558.
[23] Huang S Y, Zhang W H, Zhang Y H, et al. Volatile chemical cues emitted by an agricultural companion plant(Cnidium monnieri)attract predatory lacewings(Chrysoperla sinica)[J]. Biological Control, 2024, 192(5):105516.
[24] Cai Z P, Ouyang F, Su J W, et al. Attraction of adult Harmonia axyridis to volatiles of the insectary plant Cnidium monnieri[J]. Biological Control, 2020,143:104189.
[25] Cai Z P, Ouyang F, Zhang X R, et al. Biological control of Aphis spiraecola(Hemiptera:Aphididae)using three different flowering plants in apple orchards[J]. Journal of Economic Entomology, 2021, 114(3):1128-1137.
[26] Resende A L S, Souza B, Ferreira R B, et al. Flowers of Apiaceous species as sources of pollen for adults of Chrysoperla externa(Hagen)(Neuroptera)[J]. Biological Control, 2017, 106:40-44.
[27] Bugg L R, Wilson T L. Ammi visnaga(L.)Lamarck(Apiaceae):Associated beneficial insects and implications for biological control, with emphasis on the bell-pepper agroecosystem[J]. Biological Agriculture Horticulture, 2012, 6(3):241-268.
[28] Gurr G M, Wratten S D, Landis D A, et al. Habitat management to suppress pest populations:progress and prospects[J]. Annual Review of Entomology,2016, 62(1):91-109.
[29] Pywell R F, Heard M S, Woodcock B A, et al. Wildlife-friendly farming increases crop yield:evidence for ecological intensification[J]. Proceedings:Biological Sciences, 2015, 282(1816):20151740.
[30] Jaworski C C, Thomine E, Rusch A, et al. Crop diversification to promote arthropod pest management:A review[J]. Agriculture Communications, 2023,1(1):100004.
[31] Rusch A, Chaplin-Kramer R, Gardiner M M, et al. Agricultural landscape simplification reduces natural pest control:A quantitative synthesis[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2016, 221:198-204.
[32] Gontijo L M. Engineering natural enemy shelters to enhance conservation biological control in field crops[J]. Biological Control, 2018, 130:155-163.
[33] Liang Y Y, Chen X, Dai H J, et al. Flower provision reduces intraguild predation between predators and increases aphid biocontrol in tomato[J]. Journal of Pest Science, 2021, 95(1):461-472.
[34] 于汉龙,李林懋,张思聪,等.应用罩笼法定量评价天敌对麦蚜的控害作用[J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2014, 51(1):107-113.