黄瓜枯萎病菌拮抗菌株的分离鉴定及复合微生物的防病促生效果评价

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2026.02.061

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为筛选出防病促生型复合微生物菌，从甘肃省26块多年连作黄瓜的枯萎病发生地块采集土样，采用平板对峙法筛选拮抗菌株，基于形态、生理生化特性及基因序列分析对拮抗菌株进行鉴定，并测定拮抗菌株的抑菌谱及促生性能。结果表明：从黄瓜连作土壤中分离出对黄瓜枯萎病菌拮抗效果较好的菌株L3-3、L3-1、42-3、L5-4，分别被鉴定为唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌Burkholderia gladioli、蜡样芽孢杆菌Bacillus cereus、抗生素溶杆菌Lysobacter antibioticus、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌Bacillus velezensis，该4个菌株对其他8种蔬菜病原菌也具有较强的拮抗作用，其中L3-3的拮抗效果最好，L3-1的有机磷溶量最高，42-3的固氮酶活性最高，L5-4合成的IAA浓度最高。田间试验结果表明，L3-3:L3-1:42-3:L5-4＝ 1:1:1:1处理对黄瓜枯萎病的防治效果达81.45%，黄瓜的株高、茎粗、全株鲜重、产量、维生素C、可溶性糖、可溶性固形物含量分别较对照增加5.86%、11.25%、8.60%、12.37%、37.86%、20.19%、22.03%，具有较好的应用前景。

关键词: 菌株分离鉴定, 复合微生物菌, 防病促生效果

Abstract: This study aimed to screen compound microbial agents for disease control and growth promotion. Soil samples were collected from 26 cucumber fields in Gansu Province that had been continuously infected with Fusarium wilt for years. Antagonistic strains were screened using the plate confrontation method, and identified based on morphological, physiological, biochemical characteristics and gene sequencing analysis. The broad-spectrum antifungal and growth-promoting performances of antagonistic strains were subsequently determined. The results showed that strains L3-3, L3-1, 42-3 and L5-4 exhibited significant inhibitory effects against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum Owen, and were identified as Burkholderia gladioli, Bacillus cereus, Lysobacter antibioticus and Bacillus velezensis, respectively. These four strains showed broad-spectrum resistance to eight different pathogenic fungi, among which L3-3 had the best antagonistic effect, L3-1 had the highest organic phosphorus-solubilizing capacity, 42-3 had the highest nitrogenase activity, and L5-4 produced the highest concentration of IAA. Field trials demonstrated that the equal-volume mixed formulation of the four strains achieved the optimal performance, with a control efficacy of 81.45%. Compared with the control group, the cucumber plant height, stem diameter, whole-plant fresh weight, yield, vitamin C, soluble sugar and soluble solids content increased by 5.86%, 11.25%, 8.60%, 12.37%, 37.86%, 20.19% and 22.03%, respectively.

Key words: isolation and identification, compound microbial agent, disease control and plant growth promotion effect

中图分类号:

S476

李亚莉, 侯栋, 齐立本, 岳宏忠, 张东琴, 张海娟. 黄瓜枯萎病菌拮抗菌株的分离鉴定及复合微生物的防病促生效果评价[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2026, 42(5): 1136-1145.

LI Yali, HOU Dong, QI Liben, YUE Hongzhong, ZHANG Dongqin, ZHANG Haijuan. Isolation and Identification of Antagonistic Strains Against Cucumber Fusarium Wilt and Evaluation of Their Synergistic Effects on the Disease Control and Plant Growth Promotion[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2026, 42(5): 1136-1145.

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