微生物菌剂对二氯喹啉酸土壤残留致烟草药害的修复效应

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2018.05.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为烟叶生产中二氯喹啉酸对烟草药害的微生物修复提供科学参考依据。以“云烟87”为供试材料，采用盆栽试验，模拟二氯喹啉酸残留浓度0.02 mg/kg，研究富必来微生物酶制剂、格芙微生物菌剂、仙丰168和腊状芽胞杆菌Bacillus cereus LY05对二氯喹啉酸致害烟株生长情况、生理生化指标、烟叶化学成分和烟叶及其土壤二氯喹啉酸残留降解的影响。结果表明，4种微生物菌剂对烟草二氯喹啉酸药害症状均有一定修复效果，其中以富必来微生物酶制剂（1：500倍液灌根，500 mL菌液量）对药害烟株修复效果最佳，烟苗移栽30和60 d后，对致害烟株叶长、叶宽、株高和茎围有显著促进作用（P<0.05），显著增加了致害烟株地上和地下部鲜、干重，烟株主根长度最长且显著高出药剂对照41.65%；与药剂对照相比，增加了致害烟叶SOD、CAT、GSH酶活性和可溶性蛋白含量，增幅分别为56.51%、42.42%、24.47%和0.50%；显著降低了致害烟叶MDA含量，并改善了烟叶的化学成分，其两糖比、糖碱比和氮碱比分别为3.39、6.99和1.06，基本恢复至优质烟叶的品质范围；同时烟叶旺长期致害烟叶及其土壤二氯喹啉酸残留最低，分别为0.0356和0.0135 mg/kg，比药剂对照分别下降了63.31%和71.56%。腊状芽胞杆菌LY05对致害烟株有较好的修复作用，加快了二氯喹啉酸降解速率，对致害烟叶叶宽修复效果显著，有效舒缓了烟叶皱缩状，为二氯喹啉酸污染土壤及其致害烟株修复和复合微生物菌剂研制提供了新的方法和菌种资源。

关键词: 微生物菌剂, 二氯喹啉酸, 烟草药害, 蜡状芽胞杆菌, 修复效应

Abstract: To provide scientific reference for microbial agents remediation on phytotoxicity in tobacco caused by quinclorac in tobacco production. Quinclorac was simulated of 0.2 mg/kg residual in soil, tobacco "Yunyan 87" was used in pot experiments to investigate the remediation effects of Fullbelief, Gefu microbial agent, Microbial inoculant Xianfeng 168 and Bacillus cereus LY05 on the phytotoxicity in tobacco caused by quinclorac. The remediation indexes were mainly focused on the plant growth, physiological and biochemical indexes, chemical components of tobacco leaves, and the degradation of quinclorac residues in tobacco leaves and soils. The results indicated that by using the four kinds of microbial agents in soil, the symptoms could be remediated. The Fullbelief (1:500 times liquid-filling root, 500 mL bacterial volume) had the best remediation effect. After transplanting for 30 and 60 d, the leaf length, leaf width, plant height and stem girth were promoted significantly (P<0.05, the same below), and the fresh dry weight on the ground and lower parts of tobacco were increased. The length of main root was the longest, significantly higher than that of the drug control by the rate of 41.65%. Compared with the drug control, the superoxide (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) enzyme activities and soluble protein content in the damaged tobacco leaf were increased by 56.51%, 42.42%, 24.47% and 0.5%, respectively, while the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in tobacco leaves was significantly reduced. The chemical composition of tobacco leaf was improved, and the ratio of sugar to sugar, sugar to alkali and nitrogen to alkali were 3.39, 6.99 and 1.06, respectively, which basically recovered to the level of high-quality tobacco. At the same time, the quinclorac residue in tobacco leaves and in the soil were the lowest in the period of tobacco leaves, with the values of 0.0356 and 0.0135 mg/kg, which dropped by 63.31% and 71.56%, respectively, compared with the control. Bacillus cereus LY05 had a good remediation effect on the phytotoxicity in tobacco caused by quinclorac. Application of B. cereus LY05 accelerated the degradation of quinclorac, significantly remediated the width of the damaged tobacco leaves and effectively soothed the shrinkage of tobacco leaves. This study provides a new method and microbial resource for the remediation of the soil and the damaged tobacco plants polluted by quinclorac and also for the development of compound microbial agent in the future.

Key words: microbial agents, quinclorac, tobacco plants of phytotoxicity, Bacillus cereus, remediation effect

中图分类号:

S482.4

杨森, 尹显慧, 黄化刚, 龙友华, 吴小毛, 代园凤, 陈雪, 申燕. 微生物菌剂对二氯喹啉酸土壤残留致烟草药害的修复效应[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2018, 34(5): 779-790.

YANG Sen, YIN Xianhui, HUANG Huagang, LONG Youhua, WU Xiaomao, DAI Yuanfeng, CHEN Xue, SHEN Yan. Remediation Effects of Microbial Agents in Soil on Tobacco Plants Phytotoxicity Caused by Soil Quinclorac Residues[J]. journal1, 2018, 34(5): 779-790.

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