小麦茎基腐病拮抗菌FCR-Y1的分离鉴定及其防病促生效果

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.027

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年假禾谷镰孢引起的小麦茎基腐病在我国小麦主产区暴发成灾，为了分离筛选小麦茎基腐病拮抗菌，用于环境友好的病害防控。本研究通过平板稀释分离法和平板对峙试验，从小麦根际土壤中分离到一株对假禾谷镰孢具有强且稳定抑制作用的细菌菌株FCR-Y1。该菌株的形态特征和生理生化特性与芽胞杆菌一致，且其16S rRNA和gyrA基因序列与枯草芽胞杆菌聚在同一分支，因此将其鉴定为枯草芽胞杆菌。抑菌谱测定结果显示，菌株FCR-Y1对多种植物病原真菌具有拮抗作用。室内盆栽试验显示，菌株FCR-Y1对小麦茎基腐病的预防和治疗效果均超过60%，并能显著促进小麦的株高和鲜重。此外，FCR-Y1菌液能有效抑制假禾谷镰孢分生孢子的萌发，其发酵滤液的水溶性萃取物中含有丰富的抑菌物质。本研究表明，从小麦根际土壤中分离的枯草芽胞杆菌FCR-Y1在小麦茎基腐病的防控中具有潜在应用价值。

关键词: 小麦茎基腐病, 假禾谷镰孢, 枯草芽胞杆菌, 拮抗作用, 促生作用

Abstract: Fusarium crown rot (FCR), caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum, is recognized as one of the most destructive wheat diseases in China. Isolating and screening antagonistic bacteria from wheat rhizosphere soil for FCR control represents an environmentally friendly green strategy for disease management. In this study, an antagonistic bacterium, designated FCR-Y1, that efficiently inhibited F. pseudograminearum was isolated from wheat rhizosphere soil by the plate dilution method and confrontation test. The strain FCR-Y1 was identified as Bacillus based on its morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA and gyrA gene sequences placed FCR-Y1 in the same clade as Bacillus subtilis, leading to its identification as B. subtilis. The strain FCR-Y1 also exhibited inhibitory effects against several other plant pathogenic fungi. Indoor pot-culture experiments revealed that FCR-Y1 achieved both preventive and therapeutic efficacy exceeding 60% against FCR, Additionally, the bacterial suspension of FCR-Y1 effectively inhibited the germination of F. pseudograminearum conidia, and the water-soluble extracts of its fermentation filtrate contained abundant antimicrobial components. These findings suggest that B. subtilis FCR-Y1, isolated from wheat rhizosphere soil, holds promising application potential in the prevention and control of FCR.

Key words: wheat crown rot, Fusarium pseudograminearum, Bacillus subtilis, antagonism, growth promotion

中图分类号:

S476

朱文亭, 张梦宁, 赵培怡, 王子明, 施艳, 孙炳剑, 陈琳琳, 李洪连. 小麦茎基腐病拮抗菌FCR-Y1的分离鉴定及其防病促生效果[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2025, 41(2): 373-383.

ZHU Wenting, ZHANG Mengning, ZHAO Peiyi, WANG Ziming, SHI Yan, SUN Bingjian, CHEN Linlin, LI Honglian. Isolation and Identification of Antagonistic Bacterial Strain FCR-Y1 against Wheat Crown Rot and Its Effect on Disease Control and Growth Promotion[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2025, 41(2): 373-383.

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