生防贝莱斯芽胞杆菌FX1菌株相容性杀菌剂的筛选及复配对梨火疫病的防效

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.030

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为提高对梨火疫病的防治效果，降低化学杀菌剂用量，筛选出协同增效作用显著的生防贝莱斯芽胞杆菌Bacillus velezensis FX1菌株与化学杀菌剂的组合及复配比。本研究采用平板菌落计数法和比浊法测定了菌株FX1发酵液与7种供试杀菌剂的生物相容性，Horsfall法确定复配组合的增效作用，通过香梨离体花序和盆栽杜梨苗试验评价复配剂对梨火疫病的防病效果。结果表明，菌株FX1与5%中生菌素WP、20%噻菌铜SC、20%噻唑锌SC、3%噻霉酮WDG、46%氢氧化铜WDG的相容性差；与40%春雷·噻唑锌SC有一定的相容性；与2%春雷霉素AS的相容性最好，在低浓度与田间使用浓度下对菌体生长的抑制率小于14%，对芽胞萌发无明显影响，混配30 d后萌发率仍保持在83%以上。当菌株FX1发酵液与2%春雷霉素AS以6:4、5:5、4:6体积比复配时，对梨火病菌的抑菌率均在70%以上，增效比率（IR）大于1.7，具有明显的增效作用。喷施菌株FX1发酵液（1×10⁶ cfu/mL）与2%春雷霉素AS（2000 μg/mL）体积比为6:4的复配组合剂，对香梨花序第3 d保护性防效可达85%以上，对杜梨苗第7 d的保护性和治疗性防效均达到80%以上，第10、14 d保持在71%以上，明显高于单剂和其他复配组合处理。贝莱斯芽胞杆菌FX1菌株发酵液和2%春雷霉素AS组合以6:4体积比复配协同防治梨火疫病，不仅能提高防效，还显著减少了化学杀菌剂的使用量。

关键词: 梨火疫病, 贝莱斯芽胞杆菌, 春雷霉素, 复配, 增效

Abstract: To improve the control efficacy of pear fire blight and reduce the use of chemical bactericides, this study aimed to screen for synergistic combinations and optimal mixing ratios between the biocontrol strain Bacillus velezensis FX1 and compatible chemical bactericides. The biocompatibility of FX1 fermentation broth with seven tested bactericides was evaluated using plate colony counting and turbidimetry assays, while the synergistic effects of the combinations were determined by the Horsfall method. The control efficacy of the mixtures was further assessed through experiments on detached flowers of Pyrus sinkiangensis and potted P. betulifolia seedlings. Results showed that FX1 strain had poor compatibility with 5% zhongshengmycin WP, 20% thiazide copper SC, 20% thiazole zinc SC, 3% benziothiazolinone WDG, and 46% copper hydroxide WDG, moderate compatibility with 40% Kasugamycin thiazole zinc SC,and the best compatibility with 2% Kasugamycin AS. At low concentrations and recommended field application concentrations, the inhibition rate of 2%Kasugamycin AS on B. velezensis FX1 was less than 14%, and the endospore germination rate remained above 83% after 30 days of mixing culture. The in vitro toxicity of a mixture of FX1 fermentation broth and 2% Kasugamycin AS against Erwinia amylovora was determined by co-culturing, and the optimal compounding ratio was determined using the Horsfall method. The combination of FX1 fermentation broth and 2%Kasugamycin AS at a volume ratio of 6∶ 4, 5∶ 5 and 4∶ 6 inhibited the growth of E. amylovora by more than 70%, with a synergic ratio value (IR) greater than 1.7, exhibiting a significant synergistic effect. The control efficacy of these mixtures was evaluated using detached flowers of Pyrus sinkiangensis and potted P. betulifolia seedlings. Through spraying the combination of FX1 broth (1×10⁶ cfu/mL) and 2% kasugamycin AS (2000 μg/mL) with volume ratios of 6∶ 4 and 5∶ 5, it was determined that the protective efficacy of over 85% against blossom blight on detached P. sinkiangensis flowers after 3 days treatments, while both protective and therapeutic efficacy reached over 80% on P. betulifolia seedlings after 7 days, and maintaining above 71% after 10 and 14 days. These results were significantly higher than that of single agent treatments or other combination treatments. Based on all the above results, and the principle of reducing chemical bactericides usage, the optimal mixing ratio of FX1 fermentation broth and 2% Kasugamycin AS was determined to be 6∶ 4. Notably, the combination of B. velezensis FX1 and 2% Kasugamycin AS not only decreases chemical usage， but also significantly enhances control efficacy for pear fire blight.

Key words: fire blight, Bacillus velezensis, kasugamycin, compounding, synergistic effect

中图分类号:

S476

李星晨, 王倩, 盛强, 王一帆, 罗明. 生防贝莱斯芽胞杆菌FX1菌株相容性杀菌剂的筛选及复配对梨火疫病的防效[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2025, 41(2): 384-395.

LI Xingchen, WANG Qian, SHENG Qiang, WANG Yifan, LUO Ming. Screening and Effect of Compatible Bactericides Funqicides Combinated Bacillus velezensis FX1 on Pear Fire Blight[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2025, 41(2): 384-395.

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