露狄恩蚜小蜂胚胎及胚后发育的形态差异

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.03.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为深入了解露狄恩蚜小蜂Encarsia lutea Masi雌雄后代的个体生长发育状况，丰富恩蚜小蜂属基础生物学知识，采用跟踪记录法，连续观察雌雄胚胎发育、胚后发育过程及其形态变化。该蜂的胚胎发育过程不区分雌雄，在胚胎发育过程中，均经历卵核分裂（1～8 h），胚盘（9～12 h），胚层（13～23 h），器官和系统（24～94 h）逐渐形成；胚外膜出现（69～84 h）；胚胎内部发育完全（85～96 h）。该蜂的雌、雄蜂幼期均营内寄生，且形态差异不明显，因此，在胚后发育过程中预蛹前的形态描述以雌性为例，雌性卵、1龄幼虫、2龄幼虫、3龄幼虫和预蛹发育的平均持续时长分别为4 d、1 d、1 d、2 d和1 d；雌、雄蛹期持续时间5～8 d。雌、雄不同发育阶段的体型测量结果显示，雌性蛹和成虫的各指标（体长、体宽、头长、头宽）均大于雄性，但两者之间差异不显著。以上结果表明，露狄恩蚜小蜂雌、雄蜂的胚胎发育在形态上没有明显差异，胚后发育在预蛹前期形态差异不明显，而蛹期和成虫期的雌蜂个体大于雄蜂，可以通过形态差异对二者进行区分。

关键词: 露狄恩蚜小蜂, 胚胎发育, 胚后发育, 个体发育

Abstract: To deepen our comprehension of the individual growth and development of both male and female Encarsia lutea Masi, and to contribute to the foundational biological knowledge of the Encarsia genus, we employed a tracking and recording method. Continuous observations were made on the embryonic development, post-embryonic development process, and morphological changes of both male and female. The findings reveal that during the embryonic development process, both female and male embryos undergo similar stages, encompassing nuclear division (1 ― 8 h), blastoderm formation (9 ― 12 h), germ layer formation (13 ― 23 h), gradual development of organs and systems (24―94 h), appearance of the embryonic membrane (69―84 h), and completion of internal embryonic development (85 ― 96 h). Both female and male wasps of E. lutea as endoparasitoids, and their morphological distinctions are not significant. Consequently, in the post-embryonic development process, morphological descriptions before pupation are based on females. Following oviposition, females develop into first-instar larvae in approximately 4 days. The first-instar larval period lasts about 1 day, the second-instar larval period is about 1 day, the third-instar larval period is about 2 days, and the prepupal period lasts about 1 day. The pupal period for both female and male lasts for 5―8 days. Average measurements at each developmental stage reveal that the developmental parameters (body length, body width, head length, head width) of females are larger than those of males, although the differences are not statistically significant. The results above indicate that there are no significant morphological differences in the embryonic development between female and male E. lutea wasps. Additionally, the morphological differences in the pre-pupal stage of post-embryonic development are not pronounced, but during the pupal and adult stages, females are larger than males, allowing for differentiation based on morphological characteristics.

Key words: Encarsia lutea, embryonic development, post-embryonic development, individual development

中图分类号:

S476.3

吴胜勇, 宁晓雪, 满孝明, 刘万学, 杨念婉. 露狄恩蚜小蜂胚胎及胚后发育的形态差异[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2025, 41(2): 464-472.

WU Shengyong, NING Xiaoxue, MAN Xiaoming, LIU Wanxue, YANG Nianwan. Morphological Differences in Embryonic and Post-embryonic Development between Male and Female of Encarsia lutea[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2025, 41(2): 464-472.

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