七种植物精油对苹果全爪螨的生物活性及薄荷精油的GC-MS成分分析

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2023.01.037

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为筛选新型绿色植物源杀螨剂，采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取7种植物精油，通过Potter喷雾法、熏蒸法、药膜法测定精油对苹果全爪螨Panonychus ulmi (Koch)的触杀、熏蒸、驱避活性，筛选出生物活性较强的薄荷精油，并通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪技术（GC-MS）对薄荷精油进行了化学成分的鉴定和分析。结果表明：薄荷精油喷雾触杀12、24、48 h后的LC₅₀分别为2.13、0.83、0.77 g/L，熏蒸12、24、48 h后的LC₅₀分别为382.86、73.89、16.08 μL/L，说明薄荷精油对苹果全爪螨具有较强的触杀和熏蒸活性。最后，驱避处理24 h后，薄荷精油对苹果全爪螨的驱避活性较强，驱避率为77.82%，驱避等级为Ⅳ级。薄荷精油经GC-MS分析，共鉴定出34种化学成分，所检测出的化学成分占精油总含量的99.67%，其主要成分为薄荷醇（32.16%）、D-柠檬烯（16.44%）、4-异丙基甲苯（11.32%）、3-蒈烯（10.27%）、丙二酸二乙酯（9.57%）、薄荷酮（3.91%）。由此可见，薄荷精油对苹果全爪螨有较强的生物活性，为进一步开发植物源杀螨剂提供了科学依据。

关键词: 苹果全爪螨, 薄荷精油, GC-MS, 植物源杀螨剂

Abstract: In order to screen new and green plant-derived acaricides, seven plant essential oils were extracted by steam distillation. The contact killing, fumigation and repellent activities of the essential oils against Panonychus ulmi were determined by Potter spray method, fumigation method and medicine film method. The peppermint essential oil with strong biological activity was screened out, and the chemical components of the peppermint essential oil were identified and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the LC₅₀ of the peppermint essential oil at 12, 24, and 48 h post spray were 2.13, 0.83, and 0.77 g/L, respectively. The LC₅₀ at 12, 24, and 48 h post fumigation were 382.86, 73.89, and 16.08 μL/L, respectively. The results indicate that the essential oil has strong contact killing and fumigation activities against P. ulmi. Finally, at 24 h post repellent treatment, the peppermint essential oil repelled 77.82% of P. ulmi, which was at grade IV. The peppermint essential oil was analyzed by GC-MS, and a total of 34 chemical components were identified. The detected chemical components accounted for 99.67% of the total essential oil content. The main components were menthol (32.16%), limonene (16.44%), 4-isopropyltoluene (11.32%), 3-carene (10.27%), diethyl malonate (9.57%) and menthone (3.91%). These results show that the peppermint essential oil has strong biological activity against P. ulmi, which provides a scientific basis for the further development of plant-derived acaricides.

Key words: Panonychus ulmi, peppermint essential oil, GC-MS, plant-derived acaricides

中图分类号:

S476

张坤, 王凯乐, 张鹏九, 刘中芳, 杨静, 樊建斌, 赵劲宇, 范仁俊, 高越. 七种植物精油对苹果全爪螨的生物活性及薄荷精油的GC-MS成分分析[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2023, 39(5): 1133-1142.

ZHANG Kun, WANG Kaile, ZHANG Pengjiu, LIU Zhongfang, YANG Jing, FAN Jianbin, ZHAO Jinyu, FAN Renjun, GAO Yue. Biological Activities of Seven Plant Essential Oils against Panonychus ulmi and GC-MS Analysis of Peppermint Essential Oil Components[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2023, 39(5): 1133-1142.

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