防治中药材根腐病芽胞杆菌的筛选及效果评价

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.025

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为中药材根腐病的生物防治提供有效的生防种质资源，本文从1万多株细菌中通过平板拮抗法筛选获得3株对镰刀菌抑菌活性较强的根际细菌LHJS2-2、LHQS2-5和YHQS2-7，对尖孢镰刀菌F.oxysporum295、腐皮镰刀菌F.solani N18和轮枝镰刀菌F.verticillium 173的抑菌带为12～17 mm，对串珠镰刀菌F.moniliforme N19的抑菌带是3～5 mm。经形态观察、生理生化试验及16S rDNA鉴定结果表明，菌株LHJS2-2为短小芽胞杆菌B.pumilus，菌株LHQS2-5为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌B.velezensis，菌株YHQS2-7为深褐芽胞杆菌B.atrophaeus。盆栽试验结果表明，菌株LHJS2-2、LHQS2-5和YHQS2-7对黄芪根腐病的预防效果分别是88.07%、85.66%和76.73%，显著促进黄芪、黄芩、银柴胡幼苗株高、根长、地上部生物量和地下部生物量。田间试验结果表明，菌株LHJS2-2、LHQS2-5和YHQS2-7对黄芪根腐病的防治效果分别为41.37%、40.13%和41.95%，对党参根腐病的田间预防效果分别达到87.06%、95.03%和87.06%。菌株LHJS2-2、LHQS2-5和YHQS2-7对中药材根腐病的生物防治具有重要的前景。

关键词: 中药材, 根腐病, 芽胞杆菌, 筛选, 生物防治

Abstract: In order to provide biocontrol germplasm resources for the biological control of root rot disease of Chinese herbal medicines, three rhizosphere bacteria with strong antibacterial activity against Fusarium which were strains LHJS2-2、 LHQS2-5 and YHQS2-7 were selected from more than 10 000 strains by plate antagonism method. The range of inhibition bands were 12—17 mm including Fusarium oxysporum 295, F. solani N18 and F. Verticillium 173. But the inhibition zone against F. moniliforme N19 was only 3 ~ 5 mm. 16S rDNA sequence analysis combining with its the morphological characteristic and the physiological and biochemical test results indicated that strain LHJS2-2 was identified as B.pumilus, strain LHQS2-5 as B.velezensis and strain YHQS2-7 as B.atrophaeus. The results of greenhouse test showed that the preventive efficacy of strains LHJS2-2, LHQS2-5 and YHQS2-7 against root rot of Astragalus were 88.07%, 85.66% and 76.73%, respectively. The seedling height, root length, aboveground biomass and underground biomass were significantly promoted including Astragalus, Scutellaria baicalensis and Silver Bupleurum. The field experimental results indicated that the control efficacy of Bacillus strains LHJS2-2, LHQS2-5 and YHQS2-7 against root rot of Astragalus were 41.37%, 40.13% and 41.95%, respectively. The field preventive efficacy of Bacillus strains LHJS2-2, LHQS2-5 and YHQS2-7 against root rot of Codonopsis pilosula were 87.06%, 95.03% and 87.06%, respectively. It has an important prospect for strains LHJS2-2, LHQS2-5 and YHQS2-7 to bio-control the root rot disease of Chinese herbal medicine.

Key words: Chinese herbal medicines, root rot, Bacillus, screen, bio-control

中图分类号:

S476

沙月霞, 曾庆超, 田兴芳, 李云翔, 徐瑾瑜. 防治中药材根腐病芽胞杆菌的筛选及效果评价[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2025, 41(3): 520-529.

SHA Yuexia, ZENG Qingchao, TIAN Xingfang, LI Yunxiang, XU Jinyu. Screening and Control Effect of Bacillus on Root Rot of Chinese Herbal Medicines[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2025, 41(3): 520-529.

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