转Cry1Ab+Vip3Aa基因抗虫玉米对非靶标节肢动物的影响

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2026.01.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 转基因抗虫作物可以有效防治靶标害虫并减少作物产量损失，但其对非靶标生物多样性、田间种群变化等的影响一直备受关注。2023—2024年我们采用直接观察法对种植在云南玉米田的非靶标节肢动物进行调查，比较了转Cry1Ab+Vip3Aa基因抗虫玉米、对照非转基因玉米和非转基因玉米施用氯虫苯甲酰胺防治害虫三种田块不同时期非靶标节肢动物的种类和数量，并进一步分析田中非靶标害虫及天敌的发生规律和种群动态。结果表明：玉米田中主要的非靶标节肢动物有2纲6目12科共17种，其中蚜科占比最大，瓢虫科、叶甲科次之，主要害虫和天敌分别是蚜虫和瓢虫。转基因与非转基因田中非靶标节肢动物的群落物种丰富度S、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H'、Simpson优势集中性指数D、种类均匀性指数J差异都不显著；与转基因和非转基因玉米田相比，2024年喷施农药田优势集中性指数升高、多样性指数降低。转基因与非转基因田中各时期非靶标害虫和天敌的虫量数差异不显著，而2023年乳熟期和2024年抽雄期喷施农药田非靶标害虫虫量数显著高于转基因田和非转基因田；2024年喷施农药田天敌总量显著低于转基因和非转基因田。因此，与非转基因玉米相比，表达Cry1Ab+Vip3Aa杀虫蛋白的抗虫玉米对田间非靶标节肢动物群落没有显著影响，而喷施化学农药对田间非靶标节肢动物多样性及种群数量等影响较大。研究结果可为转基因抗虫玉米的推广应用提供数据支撑。

关键词: 转基因抗虫玉米, 非靶标害虫, 群落结构, 生态指数, 种群动态

Abstract: Genetically modified (GM) insect-resistant crops can effectively control target pests and reduce crop yield loss. However, their impact on non-target pests diversity and dynamics of field populations have been a concern. In the period between 2023 and 2024, we dynamically investigated occurrence patterns and population dynamics of non-target organisms including non-target pests and natural enemies in three treatment fields: those planted with GM maize XianDa 901ZL (incorporating Cry1Ab+Vip3Aa+epsps), non-GM maize XianDa 901 used as a control, and non-GM maize XianDa 901 treated with chlorantraniliprole for pest management. Additionally, the species richness and abundance were analyzed. The results showed that the predominant non-target organisms in the maize fields comprised 2 classes, 6 orders, 12 families, and a total of 17 species. Among these, Aphididae constituted the largest proportion, followed by Coccinelloidae and Chrysomelidae. Aphids were identified as the primary pest, with ladybugs serving as the main natural enemy insects. There were no significant differences in the community species richness (S), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), Simpson dominance index (D), and species evenness index (J) of non-target organisms between GM and non-GM control maize fields. However, in 2024, maize fields treated with chlorantraniliprole exhibited an increased dominance index and a reduced diversity index compared to both GM and non-GM maize fields. There were no significant differences in the numbers of non-target pests and natural enemies between GM and non-GM fields, suggesting that the composition of non-target biological communities in these fields was comparable. In contrast, the chlorantraniliprole-treated fields showed a significantly higher population of non-target pests compared with GM and non-GM fields during the milk-ripening stage in 2023 and the tasseling stage in 2024. However, the total population size of natural enemies in chlorantraniliprole-treated fields was significantly lower than in GM and non-GM fields in 2024. Therefore, compared to non-GM maize, the cultivation of XianDa 901ZL does not exhibit a significant impact on the field community of non-target organisms. In contrast, the application of chemical pesticides has a more pronounced effect on the diversity and population dynamics of non-target organisms. The findings of this study provide substantial data to support the broader application and promotion of GM insect-resistant maize.

Key words: genetically modified insect-resistant maize, non-target pests, community structure, ecological indices, population dynamics

中图分类号:

S476

陈彦录, 杨现明, 王伟, 吕明远, 王文汇, 袁海滨, 梁革梅. 转Cry1Ab+Vip3Aa基因抗虫玉米对非靶标节肢动物的影响[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2026, 42(2): 403-411.

CHEN Yanlu, YANG Xianming, WANG Wei, Lü Mingyuan, WANG Wenhui, YUAN Haibin, LIANG Gemei. Effects of Transgenic Cry1Ab+Vip3Aa Insect-resistant Maize on Non-target Arthropod[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2026, 42(2): 403-411.

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