不同种植方式番茄地番茄潜叶蛾和优势捕食性天敌动态及时间生态位

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.09.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确番茄的不同种植方式对番茄潜叶蛾Tuta absoluta及其自然天敌种群发生规律的影响，本研究在元谋县选择露地和大棚两种不同种植方式的番茄地，以5点取样法对番茄潜叶蛾及其天敌的种群动态进行系统调查，并使用优势度和关联度等指数筛选番茄潜叶蛾的优势天敌。结果表明：在发生高峰时大棚番茄地番茄潜叶蛾成虫和幼虫种群数量分别达10.53头/板和8.27头/株，雌雄性比最高为2.31，每叶为害面积达41.00%，蛀果率达72.60%，显著高于露地番茄中番茄潜叶蛾的种群数量及为害程度。共发现南方小花蝽Orius similis、烟盲蝽Nesidiocoris tenuis、异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis、七星瓢虫Coccinella septempunctata和大腹园蛛Araneus ventricosus 5种主要捕食性天敌，其中烟盲蝽与番茄潜叶蛾生态位重叠指数、关联度最大，且种群优势度最高；其余4种天敌优势度、生态位重叠指数、关联度均是露地番茄高于大棚。在番茄潜叶蛾重灾区大棚种植番茄可在一定程度上导致番茄潜叶蛾的种群暴发，且露地种植番茄更有利于天敌种群数量的增加。

关键词: 番茄潜叶蛾, 优势天敌, 种群动态, 时间生态位, 关联度

Abstract: The effects of different planting modes of tomato on the population dynamics of Tuta absoluta and its natural enemies were investigated in open field and greenhouse planting modes in Yuanmou County, Yunnan Province. The population dynamics of T. absoluta and its natural enemies were systematically investigated by 5-point sampling method, and the dominant natural enemies of T. absoluta were screened by dominance index and correlation index. The results showed that the adults and larvae T. absoluta on greenhouse tomatoes reached 10.53 per sticky trap and 8.27 per plant, respectively at the peak date, the highest sex ratio was 2.31, the damage area per leaf reached 41.00%, and the fruit damage rate reached 72.60%, which were all significantly higher than those of the open fields. Five dominant predatory natural enemy species, Orius similis, Nesidiocoris tenuis, Harmonia axyridis, Coccinella septempunctata, and Araneus ventricosus, were found in both of the planting modes. N. tenuis had the largest niche overlap index and correlation with T. absoluta, and the highest population dominance among the predator species. However, the dominance, niche overlap index and correlation degree of the other four natural enemy species were higher in the open field planting than in the greenhouse planting. Planting tomatoes in greenhouses in the areas of heavy T. absoluta damage can lead to T. absoluta outbreak to certain extent, while planting tomatoes in the open field can help increase the population size of natural enemies.

Key words: Tuta absoluta, dominant natural enemies, population dynamics, temporal niche, degree of association

中图分类号:

S476.2

周顺文, 段永杰, 蒋正雄, 孙英, 李明江, 张金龙, 杨念, 陈国华, 张晓明. 不同种植方式番茄地番茄潜叶蛾和优势捕食性天敌动态及时间生态位[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2025, 41(4): 760-768.

ZHOU Shunwen, DUAN Yongjie, JIANG Zhengxiong, SUN Ying, LI Mingjiang, ZHANG Jinlong, YANG Nian, CHEN Guohua, ZHANG Xiaoming. Dynamics and Temporal Niche of Tuta absoluta and Dominant Predators in Tomato Fields under Different Planting Modes[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2025, 41(4): 760-768.

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