番茄灰霉病拮抗菌FD6发酵条件优化及活性抑菌物质检测

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2026.02.039

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 由灰葡萄孢`引起的番茄灰霉病是世界范围内最具广泛性和破坏性的番茄病害之一。生产中施用化学农药防治番茄灰霉病易导致农残问题，而利用有益微生物控制该病害是一种理想的绿色防控措施。前期研究鉴定的生防假单胞菌` FD6对灰葡萄孢有较强平板拮抗作用，然而其无菌滤液的抑菌活性较弱，为提高FD6发酵产物对灰葡萄孢的抑菌活性，本研究以金氏B(King’s B,KB)为基础培养基，通过单因素试验和响应面试验筛选得到FD6的最优发酵培养基配方为甘油0.5%、精氨酸1.98%、磷酸氢二钾0.15%和七水硫酸镁0.15%，最优培养条件为pH 6.97、发酵温度24.12℃和发酵时间60 h。优化后的FD6无菌滤液对灰葡萄孢的抑制率可达95.12%，较优化前提高近1倍。进一步对优化后的FD6发酵液中主要活性抑菌物质进行定量检测结果表明，优化后FD6发酵产物中嗜铁素产量显著提高。综上，本研究通过优化假单胞菌FD6发酵条件显著提高对灰葡萄孢的抑制活性，为今后生产上研发防治灰霉病绿色高效的生物农药提供参考。

关键词: 灰霉病菌, 生防假单胞菌, 发酵优化, 抑菌活性, 次生代谢产物

Abstract: Tomato gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is one of the most widespread and destructive tomato diseases globally. The long-term application of chemical pesticides for controlling tomato gray mold in agricultural production leads to pesticide residue problems, while the use of beneficial microorganisms serves as an ideal green control strategy. In our previous research, the biocontrol strain Pseudomonas protegens FD6 was identified to exhibit strong antagonistic activity against B. cinerea in vitro, whereas the antifungal activity of its sterile filtrate was relatively weak. To improve the antifungal activity of fermentation products of P. protegens FD6 against B. cinerea, King's B(KB) medium was adopted as the basal medium in this study. Through single-factor and response surface methodology experiments, the optimal fermentation medium formulation for FD6 was determined to be 0.5% glycerin, 1.98% arginine, 0.15% dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, and 0.15% magnesium sulfate heptahydrate. The optimal culture conditions were determined as pH 6.97, fermentation temperature of 24.12 ℃ and fermentation time of 60 h. The inhibition rate of the optimized FD6 sterile filtrate against B. cinerea reached 95.12%, which was nearly twice that before optimization. Furthermore, quantitative detection of the main active antifungal components in the optimized FD6 fermentation broth revealed a significant increase in siderophore production. In conclusion, optimizing fermentation conditions effectively enhances the antagonistic activity of P. protegens FD6 against B. cinerea, which provides a theoretical reference for the development and application of green and efficient biological pesticides for tomato gray mold control in agricultural production.

Key words: Botrytis cinerea, Pseudomonas protegens, fermentation optimization, antifungal activity, secondary metabolite

中图分类号:

S476

朱宇昕, 赵盛萍, 杨晶龙, 熊正文, 吴涛, 张清霞. 番茄灰霉病拮抗菌FD6发酵条件优化及活性抑菌物质检测[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2026, 42(4): 922-933.

ZHU Yuxin, ZHAO Shengping, YANG Jinglong, XIONG Zhengwen, WU Tao, ZHANG Qingxia. Optimization of Fermentation Conditions and Detection of Antimicrobial Substances of Pseudomonas protegens FD6 against Botrytis cinerea[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2026, 42(4): 922-933.

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