昆虫信息素的控释：用于精准害虫防治的材料创新

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.07.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着绿色农业理念的深入发展，基于化学生态学原理的昆虫信息素调控策略现已成为有害生物综合治理的关键调控手段；因其超高效力、环境兼容性及靶标特异性等优势，在减少化学农药使用，促进农业发展和保护生态环境等方面发挥着重要作用。然而，信息素分子固有的挥发性强、光热敏感性显著等特性，导致其田间应用存在持效期短、控害效能波动大等技术瓶颈。信息素缓释载体的使用是解决该问题的有效方法，是信息素领域最有价值的研究方向之一。本文总结了传统缓释技术和国内外创新性研究成果，重点解析了微胶囊技术、静电纺丝纤维、有机-无机杂化材料及光敏响应材料等新型体系的控释机制与应用潜力。同时指出当前研究在协同释放调控、环境适应性和田间应用等方面的局限性，旨在为害虫绿色防控技术升级提供理论支撑。

关键词: 信息素, 缓释载体, 害虫防治

Abstract: With the increasing adoption of green farming principles, insect pheromone regulation strategies, grounded in the principles of chemical ecology, have become key components of integrated pest management (IPM). The ultra-high efficacy, environmental compatibility, and target specificity make them vital for reducing chemical pesticide use, promoting agricultural sustainability, and protecting ecosystems. However, the inherent characteristics of pheromone molecules, such as high volatility, significant photosensitivity, and thermal lability, create technical bottlenecks in field applications, leading to short duration of action and variable effectiveness. The use of pheromone slow-release carriers presents a highly effective solution to these challenges, representing one of the most promising research directions in pheromone technology. This article summarized traditional release technologies and innovative domestic and international research, focusing on analyzing the controlled-release mechanisms and application potential of novel systems like microencapsulation, electrospun fibers, organic-inorganic hybrid materials, and photosensitive-responsive materials. And it also critically examined current limitations in areas including coordinated release regulation, environmental adaptability, and practical field implementation, with the aim of providing theoretical support for advancements in environmentally sustainable pest control technologies.

Key words: pheromone, slow-release carrier, pest control

中图分类号:

S433

李国强, 贾彩霞, 武文广, 曹琳, 李蔓, 刘菊欢, 刘作春, 苏楠, 荆小院. 昆虫信息素的控释：用于精准害虫防治的材料创新[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2026, 42(2): 448-463.

LI Guoqiang, JIA Caixia, WU Wenguang, CAO Lin, LI Man, LIU Juhuan, LIU Zuochun, SU Nan, JING Xiaoyuan. Controlled Release of Insect Pheromones: Material Innovations for Precision Pest Control[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2026, 42(2): 448-463.

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