球孢白僵菌对葱地种蝇成虫的毒力及繁殖力的影响

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2016.06.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文采用浸虫法测定了4株球孢白僵菌对1日龄葱地种蝇（本文称葱蝇）成虫的毒力，筛选出高致病力的菌株，描述了感染症状，测定了其亚致死剂量LC₂₀和LC₅₀对存活1日龄葱蝇成虫生物学参数和繁殖力的影响，并比较了5.8×10³和5.7×10⁵孢子/mL对1日龄和10日龄葱蝇成虫死亡率和单雌产卵量的差异。结果表明菌株Bb01对葱蝇成虫的致病力最强，其LC₅₀为1.76×10⁶孢子/mL，其次为菌株Bb03和Bb02，其LC₅₀分别为4.05×10⁶和1.86×10⁷孢子/mL。与对照相比，菌株Bb01亚致死剂量处理1日龄成虫后，明显延迟了葱蝇成虫的产卵前期，降低了单雌产卵量，LC₂₀浓度处理时单雌产卵量比对照下降了51.9%，LC₅₀处理下降92.2%，明显缩短了雌成虫寿命，但卵孵化率没有明显影响。虽然菌株Bb01对1日龄成虫造成的死亡率较高，但在5.7×10⁵孢子/mL下，10日龄成虫单雌产卵量比对照下降了82.5%，对种群控制效果仍较强。

关键词: 球孢白僵菌, 葱蝇, 繁殖力, 毒力

Abstract: The virulence of 4 strains of Beauveria bassiana to 1-day-old Delia antiqua (Meigen) adults was detected with insect-dipping method to screen out strains of high pathogenecity. The reproduction and biological parameters were measured to D. antiqua treated with the sublethal dose LC₂₀ and LC₅₀, and effects of the strains on mortality and fecundity of age-specific D. antique adults were compared between treatments by 5.8×10³ and 5.7×10⁵ conidia/mL concentrations. The strain B. bassiana Bb01 showed the highest virulence against D. antique, with LC₅₀ of 1.76×10⁶ conidia/mL, followed by B. bassiana Bb03 and Bb02, with LC₅₀ of 4.05×10⁶ and 1.86×10⁷ conidia/mL, respectively. B. bassiana Bb01 extended preoviposition period of 1-day-old D. antiqua adults and reduced their fecundity by 51.9% and 92.2% at LC₂₀ and LC₅₀ compared with the control, respectively. B. bassiana Bb01 shortened longevity of female adults significantly, while had no effect on egg hatching rate. Although Bb01 caused higher mortality in 1-day-old adults than in 10-day-old adults, fecundity of 10-day-old adults was reduced by 82.5% at 5.7×10⁵ conidia/mL of Bb01 compared with the control.

Key words: Beauveria bassiana, Delia antiqua, reproduction, virulence

中图分类号:

S476.12

刘艳艳, 祝国栋, 刘芳, 孙夏, 罗茵, 薛明. 球孢白僵菌对葱地种蝇成虫的毒力及繁殖力的影响[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2016, 32(6): 743-748.

LIU Yanyan, ZHU Guodong, LIU Fang, SUN Xia, LUO Yin, XUE Ming. Virulence of Beauveria bassiana to Adults of Delia antiqua (Meigen) and Effects on Their Reproduction[J]. journal1, 2016, 32(6): 743-748.

参考文献

[1] Yildirim E, Hoy C W. Cyromazine seed treatments to control onion maggot, Delia antiqua, on green onions[J]. Journal of Economic Entomology, 2003, 96(5):1494-1499.
[2] 周方园. 几种昆虫生长调节剂对葱蝇成虫繁殖力的影响[D]. 泰安:山东农业大学, 2013.
[3] 宋增明, 薛明, 王洪涛. 六种昆虫生长调节剂对葱蝇生长和繁殖力的影响[J]. 昆虫学报, 2007, 50(8):775-781.
[4] 王江柱, 任仟祥. 48%乐斯本乳油防治大蒜田根蛆的药效试验[J]. 中国蔬菜, 2004, (4):38-39.
[5] Taylor A G, Eckenrode C, Straub R. Seed coating technologies and treatments for onion:challenges and progress[J]. Hortscience, 2001, 36(2):199-205.
[6] Nault B A, Zhao J Z, Straub R W, et al. Onion maggot (Diptera:Anthomyiidae) resistance to chlorpyrifos in New York onion fields[J]. Journal of Economic Entomology, 2006, 99(4):1375-1380.
[7] 于有志, 孙洪儒. 白僵菌的致病性及其在地下害虫防治中的应用[J]. 宁夏农学院学报, 2003, 24(1):58-61.
[8] Kaaya G P, Munyiny D M. Biocontrol potential of the entomogenous fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae for tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) at developmental sites[J]. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 66(3):237-241.
[9] Meadow R M, Vandenberg J D, Shelton A M. Exchange of inoculum of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (Hyphomycetes) between adult flies of the cabbage maggot, Delia radicum L. (Diptera:Anthomyiidae)[J]. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 2000, 10(4):479-485.
[10] Quesada-Moraga E. Laboratory evaluation of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae against puparia and adults of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera:Tephritidae)[J]. Biological and Microbial Control, 2006, 99(6):1955-1966.
[11] Mishra S, Kumar P. Adulticidal and larvicidal activity of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae against housefly, Musca domestica (Diptera:Muscidae), in laboratory and simulated field bioassays[J]. Parasitology Research, 2011, 108(6):1483-1492.
[12] Sánchez-Roblero D, Huerta-Palacios G. Effect of Beauveria bassiana on ovarian development and reproductive potential of Anastrepha ludens (Diptera:Tephritidae)[J]. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 2012, 2(9):1075-1091.
[13] Zhou F, Wang Z, Xue M, et al. Laboratory evaluation of attract-and-kill insecticides for onion maggot Delia antiqua (Meigen) and their potential use in fields[J]. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 2013, 11(3-4):1409-1413.
[14] 周方园, 薛明, 王钲, 等. 粘虫板对葱蝇成虫的诱杀效果[J]. 植物保护, 2012, 38(3):172-175.
[15] Davidson G, Chandler D. Laboratory evaluation of entomopathogenic fungi against larvae and adults of onion maggot (Diptera:Anthomyiidae)[J]. Journal of Economic Entomology, 2005, 98(6):1848-1855.
[16] Toledo J, Campos S E, Flores S, et al. Horizontal transmission of Beauveria bassiana in Anastrepha ludens (Diptera:Tephritidae) under laboratory and field cage conditions[J]. Journal of Economic Entomology, 2007, 100(2):292-297.
[17] Valencia E. General and molecular characterization of Beauveria bassiana and other fungal isolates for the control of Bemisia tabaci whiteflies[D]. Cartoon:University of Saskatchewan, 2002.
[18] Quesada-Moraga E, Vey A. Intra-specific variation in virulence and in vitro production of macromolecular toxins active against locust among Beauveria bassiana strains and effects of in vivo and in vitro passage on these factors[J]. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 2003, 13(3):323-340.
[19] Kaur G, Padmaja V. Relationships among activities of extracellular enzyme production and virulence against Helicoverpa armigera in Beauveria bassiana[J]. Journal of Basic Microbiology, 2009, 49(3):264-274.
[20] Novoseltsev V N, Yashin A I. What does a fly's individual fecundity pattern look like? The dynamics of resource allocation in reproduction and ageing[J]. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, 2003, 124(5):605-617.
[21] Daniel C, Wyss E. Susceptibility of different life stages of the European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi, to entomopathogenic fungi[J]. Journal of Applied Entomology, 2009, 133(6):473-483.
[22] Blay S, Yuval B. Oviposition and fertility in the Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera:Tephritidae):effects of male and female body size and the availability of sperm[J]. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 1999, 92(2):486-492.
[23] Inglis G D, Goettel M S, Butt T M. Use of Hyphomycetous Fungi for Managing Insects Pest//Gungi as Biocontrol Agents:Progress, Problems, and Potential[M]. Wallingford:CABI Publishing, 2001, 23-70.
[24] Quesada-Moraga E, Vey A. Bassiacridin, a protein toxic for locusts secreted by the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana[J]. Mycological Research, 2004, 108(4):441-452.
[25] Carey J R, Liedo P, Muller H G, et al. Dual modes of aging in Mediterranean fruit fly females[J]. Science, 1998, 281(5379):996-998.
[26] Quesada-Moraga E, Carballo-Martin I, Jurado-Garrido I, et al. Horizontal transmission of Metarhizium anisopliae among laboratory populations of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera:Tephritidae)[J]. Biological Control, 2008, 47(1):115-124.