日本曲霉ZW1发酵滤液的杀线虫活性和发酵条件优化

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2020.04.024

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 根结线虫是一类严重为害作物的寄生线虫，分布于世界各地，且寄主范围广。前期试验表明，日本曲霉Aspergillus japonicus ZW1发酵滤液对南方根结线虫Meloidogyne incognita 2龄幼虫（J2）具有毒杀作用，发酵过程中产生表面光滑球形菌丝体和表面辐射状球形菌丝体，且两种菌丝体发酵滤液的杀线虫效果具有显著差异。表面光滑球形菌丝体的发酵滤液处理南方根结线虫J2的校正死亡率在24 h达100%，显著高于表面辐射状球形菌丝体发酵滤液处理的死亡率（12.7%）。本研究通过对菌株ZW1发酵的温度、转速、培养基、光照和黑暗等条件优化表明，菌株ZW1的最优培养温度25℃和转速150 r/min，以Czapek培养基为基础培养基的最优碳源为蔗糖30 g/L和氮源KNO₃3 g/L，光照和黑暗条件下培养不影响菌株ZW1杀线虫活性；评价煮沸和4℃保存发酵滤液的杀虫效果结果表明，发酵液杀线虫活性随着贮藏时间发生变化，发酵液煮沸对菌株ZW1发酵液的杀线虫活性无影响，4℃保存1年的发酵滤液处理J2的校正死亡率仍保持87.8%。菌株ZW1代谢产物对南方根结线虫J2具有良好的毒杀作用，值得进一步研究和开发利用。

关键词: 日本曲霉, 南方根结线虫, 营养条件优化, 贮藏条件

Abstract: Root-knot nematodes are parasitic nematodes that seriously damage crops and distribute all over the world, which have a wide range of hosts. Preliminary tests showed that Aspergillus japonicus ZW1 fermentation filtrate had strong toxic effects on Meloidogyne incognita J2. However, the smooth surface pellet mycelia and radial surface pellet mycelia were produced during the fermentation process, and the fermentation filtrate from the two cultures had significantly different effect on mortality of nematodes. Fermentation filtrate of the strain ZW1 with smooth surface pellet mycelium had great nematicidal activity on M. incognita J2, with the corrected mortality of 100% at 24 h after exposure, significantly higher than that of radial surface pellet mycelia (12.7%). The culture conditions, such as temperature, rotation speed, medium, light and darkness of strain ZW1, were screened and analyzed, and the nematicidal activity of fermentation filtrate treated with boiling and 4℃ storage was determined. The results showed that optimal culture temperature and rotation speed of strain ZW1 were 25℃ and 150 r/min, respectively. Based on Czapek medium, the optimal carbon source, nitrogen source and amount were sucrose 30 g/L and KNO₃ 3 g/L, respectively. Nematicidal activity of strain ZW1 fermentation filtrate was not influenced by light and dark conditions, as well as boiling. Treated with strain ZW1 fermentation filtrate after storage at 4℃ for 1 year, the corrected mortality of J2 treated still reached 87.4%. The fermentation filtrate of strain ZW1 has great nematicidal activity on M. incognita J2, which is worthy of further research and development.

Key words: Aspergillus japonicus, Meloidogyne incognita, nutrient optimization, storage condition

中图分类号:

S476

何琼, 李丙雪, 王冬亚, 吴海燕. 日本曲霉ZW1发酵滤液的杀线虫活性和发酵条件优化[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2020, 36(4): 619-627.

HE Qiong, LI Bingxue, WANG Dongya, WU Haiyan. Nematicidal Activity of Aspergillus japonicus ZW1 Fermentation Filtrate and Optimization of Fermentation Conditions[J]. Chinese Journal Of Biological Control, 2020, 36(4): 619-627.

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