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中国生物防治学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 201-208.DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2020.05.005

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

烟蚜茧蜂的种群复壮技术

谢应强1,2, 张洪志2, 向梅1, 张立猛3, 王德玲4, 李玉艳1, 艾洪木2, 张礼生1   

  1. 1. 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所, 北京 100039;
    2. 福建农林大学植物保护学院, 福州 350002;
    3. 云南省烟草公司玉溪市公司, 玉溪 653100;
    4. 云南省大理州弥勒县红岩镇农业综合服务中心, 大理 675601
  • 收稿日期:2019-01-16 发布日期:2021-04-14
  • 通讯作者: 张礼生,博士,研究员,E-mail:zhangleesheng@163.com;艾洪木,博士,副教授,E-mail:aihongmu@163.com。
  • 作者简介:谢应强,硕士研究生,E-mail:xyqxie@foxmail.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家烟草总公司重大专项(110201901038-LS-01;110202001032-LS-01);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201000);国家自然科学基金(31572062)

Population Rejuvenation Technique for Aphidius gifuensis (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae)

XIE Yingqiang1,2, ZHANG Hongzhi2, XIANG Mei1, ZHANG Limeng3, WANG Deling4, LI Yuyan1, AI Hongmu2, ZHANG Lisheng1   

  1. 1. Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100039, China;
    2. College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
    3. Yuxi City Company of Yunnan Tobacco Company, Yuxi 653100, China;
    4. Hongyan Town Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center, Dali 675601, China
  • Received:2019-01-16 Published:2021-04-14

摘要: 烟蚜茧蜂是防治烟蚜的优良天敌昆虫,近20年,我国烟蚜茧蜂大规模扩繁技术日臻成熟,以其防控农作物蚜虫的生产应用也取得显著成效。然而在扩繁实践中发现饲养多代后,烟蚜茧蜂的寄生力、生活力、体型、体质量都出现不同程度的下降,降低了烟蚜茧蜂种群的生命力,成为连续大规模扩繁烟蚜茧蜂的生产瓶颈。在实验室前期的烟蚜茧蜂退化试验中,我们发现室内续代饲养的烟蚜茧蜂在第7代后种群出现了明显的衰退现象,生产上需适时采取复壮措施。为探索烟蚜茧蜂的复壮技术,对烟蚜茧蜂退化种群进行了饲喂清水、蔗糖、蜂蜜、葡萄糖的营养复壮和引入福建、云南、河北野生种群的杂交复壮,测定了烟蚜茧蜂复壮后的寄生力、羽化率、成虫寿命、体型等特征。试验结果表明:营养复壮对烟蚜茧蜂的寿命、寄生力有一定的复壮效果,其中10%蜂蜜水的复壮效果最好,但是均大幅低于杂交复壮效果;杂交复壮对烟蚜茧蜂的寄生力、羽化率、成虫寿命、体型均有显著的复壮效果,其中引入野生种群的雌蜂比引入野生种群的雄蜂的复壮效果好,引入云南地区的野生种群比引入福建、河北的野生种群的复壮效果好,引入云南野生种群雌蜂连续杂交两代后,寄生力能恢复到退化种群F0代的88.21%,之后连续扩繁两代,寄生力均能够保持在复壮后水平。试验证实河北地区的烟蚜茧蜂在室内扩繁退化后,引入云南地区的野生雌蜂连续杂交两代,能够有效地对退化种群进行复壮。

关键词: 烟蚜茧蜂, 人工扩繁, 种群复壮, 复壮技术

Abstract: Aphidius gifuensis is an excellent natural enemy of Myzus persicae. In the past 20 years, the technology of mass rearing of A. gifuensis in China has been ripening gradually, and great achievements have been made in its application in control of crop aphids. However, it is found in practice that, after several generations of mass rearing, the parasitism, viability and body size and weight of A. gifuensis decrease at varying degrees, which reduces the vitality of the population of mass-reared A. gifuensis and has become the bottleneck of continuous mass rearing of A. gifuensis. In previous experiments, it was found that degeneration of A. gifuensis occurred in the 7th generation since initiation of continuous rearing. To explore measures to rejuvenate the wasp population, attempts were made to feed the population with nutrients like fresh water, sucrose, honey, and glucose or to crossbreed the population with wild wasps collected from Fujian, Yunnan, and Hebei. Parasitism, emergence rate, adult longevity, and body size of the rejuvenated wasp population were measured. Results showed that nutrients had a certain rejuvenating effect on longevity and parasitism, and 10% honey solution achieved the best performance. However, crossbreeding outperformed any nutrients, with remarkable effects on parasitism, emergence rate, adult longevity, and body size. Crossbreeding was more effective with wild females than with wild males, and with wild populations from Yunnan than with those from Fujian and Hebei. Crossbreeding for two generations with wild female populations from Yunnan improved parasitism rate to 88.21% of Generation F0 and the parasitism remained even with continuous mass rearing for two generations. The results show that crossbreeding for two generations with wild female populations of A. gifuensis collected from Yunnan can effectively rejuvenate the degenerated indoor populations in Hebei.

Key words: Aphidius gifuensis, artificial propagation, population rejuvenation, rejuvenation technique

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