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中国生物防治学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 1054-1065.DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2024.02.046

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

微生物种衣剂的研制及其对玉米茎腐病的防效评价

郭宁, 马红霞, 张海剑, 石洁, 刘树森, 孙华, 郑晓娟   

  1. 河北省农林科学院植物保护研究所/农业农村部华北北部作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/河北省农业有害生物综合防治技术创新中心/河北省作物有害生物综合防治国际科技联合研究中心, 保定 071000
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-13 发布日期:2024-10-11
  • 作者简介:郭宁,硕士,副研究员,E-mail:guoning433@163.com;通信作者,石洁,研究员,E-mail:shij99@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    河北省省级科技计划资助(20326516D);国家玉米产业技术体系(CARS-02)

Development of Microbial Seed Coating Agents and Its Control Effect on Maize Stalk Rot

GUO Ning, MA Hongxia, ZHANG Haijian, SHI Jie, LIU Shusen, SUN Hua, ZHENG Xiaojuan   

  1. Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China/IPM Innovation Center of Hebei Province/International Science and Technology Joint Research Center on IPM of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, China
  • Received:2023-11-13 Published:2024-10-11

摘要: 本研究通过平板对峙、种子发芽性状和室内盆栽试验,筛选对玉米茎腐病防效优良的木霉菌株,通过助剂理化性质测定、生物相容性分析及正交试验,明确助剂种类、用量和最佳组合,研制生物种衣剂,并进行玉米茎腐病防效验证。结果表明:从实验室保存的109株木霉中,筛选到17株木霉对禾谷镰孢具有较好拮抗活性,抑制率均>70%,6株木霉菌株对苗期茎腐病的防治效果最佳,防效80.33%~85.64%。分别以筛选的棘孢木霉Tr34和非洲哈茨木霉Tr35为活性成分,106厚垣孢子数/mL,辅以黄原胶0.2%,木质素磺酸钠2%,北农成膜剂1,5%,100 mg/mL链霉素1%,制备100万孢子/mL棘孢木霉生物种衣剂(简称Tr34生物种衣剂)和100万孢子/mL非洲哈茨木霉生物种衣剂(简称Tr35生物种衣剂)。两种生物种衣剂药种质量比例分别为1:200和1:100时,对苗期茎腐病的防效最好,分别为81.14%和83.18%。本研究研制的Tr34生物种衣剂和Tr35生物种衣剂可以有效降低玉米茎腐病的发生,为进一步田间应用奠定基础。

关键词: 生物种衣剂, 茎腐病, 玉米, 木霉, 防治效果

Abstract: In this study, Trichoderma strains with good control effects on maize stalk rot were screened by plate confrontation test, maize seed germination characteristics analysis and greenhouse pot experiments. The type, dosage and best combination of auxiliaries were determined by physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and orthogonal tests. Control effect of the developed biological seed coating agents on maize stalk rot was verified. The results showed that 17 of 109 Trichoderma strains exhibited antagonistic activity against Fusarium graminearum with an average inhibitory rate of over 70%, among which 6 strains had the best control efficacy ranging from 80.33% to 85.64% on maize stalk rot at seedling stage. The active ingredients of two biological seed coating agents with T. asperellum strain Tr34 and T. afroharzianum strain Tr35 were developed, followed as 106 chlamydospores/mL, 0.2% xanthan gum, 2% sodium lignonate, 5% beinon film forming agent 1, and 1% 100 mg/mL streptomycin. When the ratios were 1:200 and 1:100, the biological seed coating agents Tr 34 and Tr 35 had the best control effect on maize stalk rot, with the efficacies of 81.14% and 83.18%, respectively. The biological seed coating agents Tr 34 and Tr 35 could effectively reduce the incidence of maize stalk rot, which lays a foundation for further field application.

Key words: biological seed coating agent, stalkrot, corn, Trichoderma, biological control

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