泽漆提取物亚致死浓度处理豌豆蚜对异色瓢虫生长发育和繁殖的影响

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.01.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在农林生产中，农药的使用成为了影响生物防治效果的因素之一。为了合理应用植物源农药及天敌昆虫联合防治害虫，评估农药对天敌昆虫的影响是联合推广应用中的重要环节。异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis是我国农业生产中常用的捕食性天敌之一，为了确保异色瓢虫在应用中的安全性，保障其持续发挥控害作用，本试验根据泽漆Euphorbia helioscopia提取物对豌豆蚜Acyrthosiphon pisum的毒力测定结果，以泽漆提取物的LC₂₅和LC₅₀为处理浓度，采用喷雾法处理豌豆蚜，分析以药剂处理后的豌豆蚜作为食物饲喂异色瓢虫对其生长发育和繁殖的影响。结果表明：取食泽漆提取物致死中浓度和亚致死浓度处理过的豌豆蚜对异色瓢虫生长发育及繁殖均有显著影响，但对其化蛹率、羽化率及雌雄性比无显著影响。在LC₅₀剂量处理下，异色瓢虫幼虫发育历期、蛹期及雌成虫产卵前期明显延长，与对照相比分别延长了2.85 d、0.83 d和6.17 d；而雌、雄虫寿命明显缩短，与对照相比分别缩短了13.13 d和9.14 d；繁殖力、雌/雄成虫体重及幼虫存活率显著下降，与对照相比分别下降了236.69粒/雌、10.58 mg、6.86 mg和38.89%。因此，取食泽漆提取物处理后的豌豆蚜对异色瓢虫生长发育及繁殖能力产生了不同程度的影响。在使用杀虫剂时，应充分考虑杀虫剂对整个生态系统的影响，并提出相应的对策，以减少其对天敌和环境的危害。

关键词: 泽漆, 亚致死浓度, 异色瓢虫, 豌豆蚜, 生长发育, 繁殖

Abstract: In agriculture and forestry production, the use of pesticides has become one of the factors affecting the effectiveness of biological control. To coordinate the rational use of plant-derived pesticides and insect natural enemies for joint pest control, it is important to evaluate the impact of pesticides on natural enemies. Harmonia axyridis is one of the commonly used predatory natural enemies in agricultural production in China. To ensure the safety and persistence of H. axyridis, the present experiment was conducted to test the effects of Acyrthosiphon pisum sprayed with LC₂₅ and LC₅₀ of Euphorbia helioscopia extract on the development and reproduction of H. axyridis. The results showed that A. pisum treated with sublethal doses of E. helioscopia extract had a significant effect on development and reproduction of H. axyridis, but had no significant effect on pupation rate, eclosion rate and male/female sex ratio of the predator. Under the LC₅₀ treatment, the larval developmental duration, pupal duration, and preoviposition period of H. axyridis were significantly prolonged by 2.85 d, 0.83 d, and 6.17 d, respectively, compared with the control. The adult longevity of males and females was significantly shortened by 13.13 d and 9.14 d, respectively. Fecundity, body weight of female and male adults, and larval survival rate decreased by 236.69 eggs/female, 10.58 mg and 6.86 mg, and 38.89%, respectively. The A. pisum treated with different doses of E. helioscopia extract showed significantly different effects on the development and reproduction of H. axyridis. Therefore, the impact of insecticides on the whole ecosystem has to be fully considered and countermeasures have to be proposed to minimize their harm to natural enemies and the environment.

Key words: Euphorbia helioscopia, sublethal concentration, Harmonia axyridis, Acrythosiphon pisum, growth and development, reproduction

中图分类号:

Q968

曹焱雨, 张廷伟, 史历, 袁月, 张海洋, 孙元星. 泽漆提取物亚致死浓度处理豌豆蚜对异色瓢虫生长发育和繁殖的影响[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2025, 41(4): 780-787.

CAO Yanyu, ZHANG Tingwei, SHI Li, YUAN Yue, ZHANG Haiyang, SUN Yuanxing. Effects of Acyrthosiphon pisum Treated with Sublethal Concentration of Euphorbia helioscopia Extract on the Growth, Development and Reproduction of Harmonia axyridis[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2025, 41(4): 780-787.

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