黄芪根腐病生防放线菌的筛选、鉴定及其应用

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.024

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为中药材根腐病的生物防治提供生防种质资源，开展了对多种镰孢菌Fusarium具有抑菌效果的放线菌Streptomyces筛选、鉴定及应用效果评价。从120株放线菌中筛选得到1株对黄芪根腐病具有明显抑菌效果的菌株LQS-2，对黄芪根腐病致病菌串珠镰孢菌F.moniliforme、腐皮镰孢菌F.solani N18-1-2、轮枝镰孢菌F.verticillium 173和尖孢镰孢菌F.oxysporum 295的抑菌率分别为62.50%、49.38%、52.75%和67.50%。16S rDNA序列分析比对，菌株LQS-2与纤维素链霉菌Streptomyces cellulosae基因序列的同源性最高，并结合形态学确定菌株LQS-2为纤维素链霉菌。盆栽和田间试验结果表明，纤维素链霉菌LQS-2发酵上清液浸种结合灌根对黄芪根腐病的盆栽防效为69.50%，连续灌根3次对黄芪根腐病的田间防效达76.02%，较微生物菌剂对照防效分别提高了2.55%和18.76%。菌株LQS-2浸种后在温室条件下对黄芪幼苗生长促生作用明显，株高、植株生物量和地下部干重分别较微生物菌剂提高了37.58%、20.00%和33.33%。由此可见，纤维素链霉菌LQS-2具有作为防治黄芪根腐病生防菌剂研发的潜力。

关键词: 黄芪根腐病, 纤维素链霉菌, 致病镰孢菌, 防治效果

Abstract: To provided biocontrol germplasm resources for root rot disease in traditional Chinese medicine, screening, identification, and application evaluation of Streptomyces, an actinomycete with significant antibacterial effects against various Fusarium species, were carried out. The strain LQS-2 with significant antibacterial effect against Astragalus membranaceus root rot disease was screened from 120 strains of actinomycetes, and against the pathogenic bacterium F. moniliforme, F. solani N18-1-2, F. Verticillium 173, and F. oxysporum 295, the antibacterial rates each for 62.50%, 49.38%, 52.75%, and 67.50%. 16S rDNA sequence analysis and alignment showed that strain LQS-2 had the highest homology with the gene sequence of Streptomyces cellulosae, and combined with morphology, strain LQS-2 was determined to be S. cellulosae. The results of pot experiment showed that the greenhouse prevention effect of soaking the fermentation supernatant of S. cellulosiae LQS-2 combined with root irrigation on Astragalus membranaceus root rot disease was 69.50%. The field prevention effect of continuous root irrigation three times on Astragalus membranaceus root rot disease reached 76.02%, which was 2.55% and 18.76% higher than the control effect of microbial agents. After soaking in strain LQS-2, it showed a significant growth promoting effect on Astragalus membranaceus seedlings under greenhouse conditions. The root length, biomass, and underground dry weight increased by 37.58%, 20.00% and 33.33%, which compared to microbial agents. From this, it could be seen that S. cellulosiae LQS-2 has the potential to be developed as a biocontrol agent for the prevention and treatment of Astragalus membranaceus root rot disease.

Key words: Astragalus membranaceus root rot, Streptomyces cellulosae, pathogenic Fusarium, prevention and control effect

中图分类号:

S154.3

杨波, 李云翔, 徐瑾瑜, 沙月霞. 黄芪根腐病生防放线菌的筛选、鉴定及其应用[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2025, 41(3): 554-560.

YANG Bo, LI Yunxiang, XU Jinyu, SHA Yuexia. Screening, Identification, and Application Effects of Actinomycetes on Astragalus membranaceus Root Rot[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2025, 41(3): 554-560.

参考文献

[1] 秦雪梅, 李震宇, 孙海峰, 等. 我国黄芪药材资源现状与分析[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2013, 38(19): 3234-3238.
[2] 李明, 安钰, 左忠, 等. 宁夏中药材栽培现状及对策分析[J]. 宁夏农林科技, 2016, 57(3): 42-46.
[3] 高芬, 郝锐, 秦雪梅, 等. 拮抗黄芪根腐病菌的根际促生菌的室内筛选与鉴定[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2016, 41(22): 4188-4193.
[4] 高芬, 任小霞, 王梦亮, 等. 中草药根腐病及其微生物防治研究进展[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2015, 40(21): 4122-4126.
[5] 邓成贵. 黄芪根腐病病原鉴定研究初报[J]. 中药材, 2005(2): 85.
[6] 王瑶, 赵月菊, 邢福国, 等. 禾谷镰刀菌拮抗菌株的筛选及鉴定[J]. 核农学报, 2017, 31(6): 1128-1136.
[7] 辛中尧, 徐红霞, 陈秀蓉. 枯草芽胞杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)B1、 B2菌株对当归、黄芪的防病促进生长效果[J]. 植物保护, 2008(6): 142-144.
[8] 张爱梅, 李曦冉, 郭保民, 等. 黄芪根腐病生防菌株的筛选鉴定及其防效评价[J]. 西北农业学报, 2021, 30(12): 1905-1913.
[9] 李树江, 张韵霞, 刘羽, 等. 辣椒根腐病生防菌的筛选鉴定及生防作用[J]. 中国蔬菜, 2023, (9): 69-76.
[10] 滕艳萍, 梁宗锁, 陈蓉. 木霉防治黄芪根腐病初步研究[J]. 西北农业学报, 2006, 15(2): 69-71.
[11] 王莉, 王雅竹, 张如, 等. 黄芩根腐病生防菌的筛选鉴定及生防作用测定[J]. 山西农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2024, 44(5): 68-77.
[12] 牛世全, 耿晖, 阎薇如, 等. 黄芪根腐病生防放线菌筛选鉴定及其优化培养[J]. 植物保护学报, 2016, 43(6): 943-950.
[13] 陈秀株, 蔡妙英. 常见细菌系统鉴定手册[M]．北京: 科学出版社, 2001, 349-388.
[14] 张爱梅, 韩雪英, 王嘉, 等. 马衔山中国沙棘根瘤内共生细菌多样性研究[J]. 生态学报, 2019, 39(1): 294-301.
[15]郑豆豆, 牛世全, 周璇, 等. 黄芪根腐病复合生防放线菌筛选鉴定及防治作用[J]. 生态学杂志, 2019, 38(3): 753-761.
[16] 牛世全, 文娜, 韩建山, 等. 一株抗植病放线菌的发酵条件优化及活性产物研究[J]. 西北师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 56(1): 69-77.
[17] 魏新燕, 黄媛媛, 黄亚丽, 等. 拮抗灰霉菌的海洋细菌甲基营养型芽胞杆菌的筛选、鉴定及其抑菌活性物质的研究[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2017, 35(5): 667-674.
[18] Yang Y, Zhang S W, Li K T. Antagonistic activity and mechanism of an isolated Streptomyces corchorusii stain AUH-1 against phytopathogenic fungi[J]. World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2019, 35(9): 145.
[19] 姚锦爱, 黄鹏, 陈峰, 等. 建兰炭疽病拮抗放线菌的筛选及防治效果[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2019, 35(5): 805-812.
[20] 赖宝春, 戴瑞卿, 吴振强, 等. 链霉菌XG40的鉴定及其对琯溪蜜柚黑斑病的防效[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2022, 38(3): 662-672.
[21] 阮宏椿, 石妞妞, 杜宜新, 等. 水稻稻瘟病拮抗稀有放线菌的筛选及防治效果[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2021, 37(3): 538-546.
[22] 牛世全, 赵丹, 豆建涛, 等. 敦煌盐碱土中抗黄芪根腐病放线菌的筛选、鉴定及发酵条件优化[J]. 西北师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 54(3): 71-76.
[23] 张扬, 魏岚菁, 陈军宏, 等. 生防放线菌ZZ-9颗粒剂的研制及对黄瓜立枯病的防治效果[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2023, 39(5): 1194-1203.
[24] 张涵, 习慧君, 赵玉华, 等. 杨浦链霉菌WLU210的筛选、鉴定及其对苦瓜枯萎病的生防作用研究[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2021, 37(5): 1058-1065.