防治稻瘟病假单胞菌的筛选及效果评价

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2020.01.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为筛选防治水稻稻瘟病的假单胞菌Pseudomonas，通过平板对峙试验从291株细菌中筛选获得对稻瘟病菌具有明显拮抗作用的菌株S149，对稻瘟病菌P131菌丝抑制率达到83.33%，发酵液和无菌上清液的抑制作用分别为67.39%和56.52%。16S rDNA序列分析显示，菌株S149与荧光假单胞菌P. fluorescens基因序列的同源性最高，结合形态观察，鉴定为荧光假单胞菌。对镰刀菌等10种植物病原菌有较明显拮抗作用，发酵液对稻瘟病菌分生孢子萌发和附着胞形成的抑制效果达到89%以上，无菌上清液对孢子萌发和附着胞形成的抑制作用达到81%以上。温室条件下对叶瘟的预防效果达到79.98%；田间试验结果证实对水稻幼苗有明显的促生效果，提高种子发芽7.15%、促进根长10.36%和增加株高10.33%；对叶瘟和穗颈瘟的田间防效分别达到73.32%和70.21%，与75%三环唑可湿性粉剂没有显著差异，与绿地康有显著差异。研究表明，荧光假单胞菌S149不仅可以用于防治水稻稻瘟病，而且可以促进水稻生长，具有较好的防治稻瘟病等多种真菌病害的应用潜力。

关键词: 稻瘟病, 假单胞菌, 筛选, 生物防治, 效果评价

Abstract: In order to screen Pseudomonas strains for biological control of Magnaporthe oryzae, 291 bacterial isolates were obtained from rice soil in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Only strain S149 was found strongly antagonistic to M. oryzae in dual culture technique. The antagonistic rate of hyphal growth of M. oryzae P131 inhibited by strain S149 after 5 d was 83.33% in vitro. In addition, the antagonistic rates of its fermentation broth and sterile supernatant were 67.39% and 56.52%, respectively. 16S rDNA sequence analysis indicated that strain S149 had the highest homology with P. fluorescens. Combining with its morphological characteristic, the strain S149 was identified as P. fluorescens. Strain S149 was also found measurable antagonistic to 10 plant pathogens, such as Fusarium spp., Botrytis cinerea, Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae. P. fluorescens S149 could strongly inhibit the conidial germination and appressorial formation of M. oryzae P131. The inhibitory efficacies of the fermented liquid were 89.71% and 94.36%, respectively, and those of the sterile supernatant were 81.77% and 86.95%, respectively. The preventive efficacies of P. fluorescens strain S149 for the control of rice blast was 79.98% under greenhouse condition. Field trials showed that the strain could promote rice growth, increase the germination rate by 7.15%, promote rice root length by 10.36%, and enhance rice plant height by 10.33%. Preventive efficacies of P. fluorescens S149 was 73.32% against leaf blast, and 71.55% and 70.21% against neck blast, respectively. Moreover, there was no significant difference between the preventive efficacy of strain S149 and 75% tricyclazole wettable powder, and there was significant difference between the preventive efficacy of strain S149 and Lvdikang. The results indicated that P. fluorescens S149 could not only prevent rice blast, but also promote the rice growth, and have potential to be applied in various fungal diseases control.

Key words: rice blast, Pseudomonas, screen, bio-control, efficiency evaluation

中图分类号:

S476

沙月霞, 张昂, 伍顺华, 沈瑞清. 防治稻瘟病假单胞菌的筛选及效果评价[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2020, 36(2): 249-257.

SHA Yuexia, ZHANG Ang, WU Shunhua, SHEN Ruiqing. Screening and Efficiency Evaluation of Pseudomonas Strain in the Control of Magnaporthe oryzae[J]. Chinese Journal Of Biological Control, 2020, 36(2): 249-257.

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