马铃薯枯萎病生防芽胞杆菌筛选及生防效果研究

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2020.05.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 马铃薯枯萎病是马铃薯主要土传真菌病害之一，已成为限制我国马铃薯产业健康发展的重要因素之一。菌株ZF128是本实验室从马铃薯根际土壤分离筛选得到的一株对马铃薯枯萎病菌具有显著抑制效果的生防细菌。经生理生化、BIOLOG GENIII和系统发育树分析，鉴定菌株ZF128为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌Bacillus velezensis。抑菌谱测定结果显示，ZF128对5种病原真菌和5种病原细菌都具有显著拮抗效果。光学显微观察发现，菌株ZF128处理的病原菌菌丝生长受到抑制并出现膨胀变粗现象。发酵试验表明，菌株ZF128在甘露醇培养基中发酵上清液对马铃薯枯萎病菌的抑制效果最好。盆栽试验结果证明，接种菌株ZF128后马铃薯发病明显减轻，防效为82.46%。此外，定殖和促生试验表明，菌株ZF128能在马铃薯根际和根部有效定殖30d以上，处理组马铃薯株高、根长、地上部和地下部鲜重及叶绿素含量等指标均显著高于对照组。综上，菌株ZF128生防性状优良，是一株具有潜在应用价值的芽胞杆菌。

关键词: 贝莱斯芽胞杆菌, 马铃薯枯萎病, 生物防治, 定殖, 促生

Abstract: Fusarium wilt of potato is one of the main soil-borne fungal diseases, which has become one of the important factors limiting the healthy development of potato production in China. A biocontrol bacterium strain ZF128 isolated from the rhizosphere soil of potatoes had significant inhibitory effect against F. oxysporum of potato. The strain ZF128 was identified as Bacillus velezensis based on biochemical and physiological characterizations, BIOLOG GENIII, and DNA phylogenetic tree analysis. The results of antimicrobial activity assay showed that strain ZF128 exhibited significant inhibitory activities against five plant pathogenic fungi and five plant pathogenic bacteria. Microscopic observation showed that strain ZF128 could cause mycelium malformation and form elliptic expansion. Fermentation tests showed that ZF128 had the significant inhibitory effect against F. oxysporum in mannitol medium. The control effect of strain ZF128 against potato Fusarium wilt was examined by pot test in greenhouse. The results indicated that the disease incidence of potato Fusarium wilt treated with strain ZF128 was significantly reduced and the control efficacy was 82.46%. Meanwhile, strain ZF128 could effectively colonize in potato rhizosphere and on root for more than 30 days. Pot tests demonstrated that the height, root length, fresh weight of aboveground and underground, and chlorophyll content of potatoes treated with ZF128 fermentation broth were significantly higher than those of the control groups. In summary, the Bacillus strain ZF128 has excellent biocontrol characteristics and high potential application value.

Key words: Bacillus velezensis, potato Fusarium wilt, biological control, colonization, plant growth promoting

中图分类号:

S476

许帅, 谢学文, 张昀, 石延霞, 柴阿丽, 李磊, 李宝聚. 马铃薯枯萎病生防芽胞杆菌筛选及生防效果研究[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2020, 36(5): 761-770.

XU Shuai, XIE Xuewen, ZHANG Yun, SHI Yanxia, CHAI Ali, LI Lei, LI Baoju. Screening of Biocontrol Bacillus Isolate against Potato Fusarium Wilt and Its Biocontrol Effect[J]. Chinese Journal Of Biological Control, 2020, 36(5): 761-770.

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