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中国生物防治学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2): 305-312.DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2023.03.002

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆荒漠绿洲区亚洲玉米螟越冬幼虫4种主要病原真菌生物学特性及致病力测定

王小武1,2, 蒋旭东1,3, 丁新华1,3, 袁梓涵1,4, 付开赟1,3, 贾尊尊1,3, 吐尔逊·阿合买提1,3, 郭文超1,3   

  1. 1. 农业农村部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830091;
    2. 新疆农业科学院微生物应用研究所/新疆特殊环境微生物重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830091;
    3. 新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830091;
    4. 新疆农业大学农学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-06 出版日期:2023-04-08 发布日期:2023-04-13
  • 通讯作者: 丁新华,研究员, E-mail:dingxinhua1984@163.com;郭文超,研究员, E-mail:gwc1966@163.com。
  • 作者简介:王小武,助理研究员, E-mail:wxw303528@163.com;蒋旭东,硕士研究生, E-mail:jiangxudong000@yeah.nt。
  • 基金资助:
    农业农村部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室开放基金(KFJJ202205);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2022D01B35);自治区重点研发计划任务专项(2021B02002-2);农业科技创新稳定支持(xjnkywdzc-2022004)

Biological Characteristics and Pathogenicity of Four Dominant Pathogenic Fungi of Overwintering Larvae of Ostrinia furnacalis in Xinjiang Desert Oasis Region

WANG Xiaowu1,2, JIANG Xudong1,3, DING Xinhua1,3, YUAN Zihan1,4, FU Kaiyun1,3, JIA Zunzun1,3, TOULXUN Ahemaiti1,3, GUO Wenchao1,3   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Control for Desert Oasis Crops in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China;
    2. Institute of Microbiology Application, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Microbiology for Special Environments, Urumqi 830091, China;
    3. Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China;
    4. College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
  • Received:2021-12-06 Online:2023-04-08 Published:2023-04-13

摘要: 为明确从新疆荒漠绿洲区自然罹病越冬亚洲玉米螟幼虫上分离的4种主要病原真菌的分类地位及应用潜力,采用形态学特征观察和室内毒力测定的方法对ACB1042.3、ACB1041.4、ACB00411.1及ACB30112.1四个菌株的分类地位、生物学特征及其对玉米螟的毒力效果进行研究。结果发现,上述菌株依次为红绶曲霉Aspergillus nomius、球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana、雷斯青霉Penicillium raistrickii和渐狭蜡蚧菌Lecanicillium attenuatum。其中红绶曲霉菌落生长速率最快(10.10 mm/d),48 h孢子萌发率最高(96.83%),14 d产孢量最大(1.84×1010孢子/mL);室内毒力测定表明,红绶曲霉毒力最强,其对玉米螟3龄幼虫LT50、LC50依次为4.16 d、4.283×102孢子/mL,7 d累计校正死亡率高达93.94%;球孢白僵菌其次,LT50、LC50分别为5.03 d、1.724×104孢子/mL,7 d累计校正死亡率73.48%;渐狭蜡蚧菌与球孢白僵菌则对玉米螟的死亡率无显著差异,其LT50、LC50和7 d累计死亡率依次为5.04 d、1.829×104孢子/mL、69.80%;雷斯青霉毒力最差,7 d累计校正死亡率仅为53.03%。进一步观察发现,接种1×108孢子/mL红绶曲霉孢悬液2 d后,玉米螟3龄幼虫行动缓慢,不取食并逐渐开始死亡;尾部出现黑褐色斑点,虫体干瘪,7 d时虫体尾部和腹部开始长出黄绿色菌丝,随后虫体产生大量孢子。综上,红绶曲霉对3龄玉米螟致病力强、致死率高,具有很大的生防应用潜力。

关键词: 亚洲玉米螟, 昆虫病原真菌, 生物学特性, 致病性, 生物防治

Abstract: The taxonomic status, biological characteristics and biocontrol potential of four dominant pathogenic fungi isolated from naturally diseased overwintering Ostrinia furnacalis larvae in Xinjiang desert oasis area were determeind. The strains were identified as Aspergillus nomius, Beauveria bassiana, Penicillium raistrickii, and Lecanicillium attenuatum. The colony growth rate of A. nomius was 10.10 mm/d, the spore germination rate was 96.83% at 48 h, the spore production was 1.84×1010 spores/mL at 14 d. A. nomius had the strongest virulence to the third instar larvae of O. furnacalis, with LT50 and LC50 of 4.16 d and 4.283×102 spores/mL, respectively, and a 7-d cumulative corrected mortality rate of 93.94%. B. bassiana came second in virulence, with LT50 and LC50 of 5.03 d and 1.724×104 spores/mL, respectively, and a 7-d cumulative mortality rate of 73.48%. With LT50, LC50 and a 7-d cumulative mortality rate of 5.04 d, 1.829×104 spores/mL, and 69.80%, respectively, L. attenuatum showed no significant virulence than B. bassiana, P. raistrickii had low virulence to O. furnacalis, with LT50, LC50 and 7-d cumulative mortality rate of 6.04 d, 4.062×105 spores/mL, and 53.03%, respectively. When inoculated with 1×108 spores/mL A. nomius spore suspension for 2 days, the 3rd instar larvae of O. furnacalis showed slow movement, no feeding and death; black-brown spots began to appear on the rear part, the whole body gradually dried up, and at 7 d since inoculation yellow-green hyphae grew on the insects and a large number of spores produced from the insects. In summary, A. nomius has strong pathogenicity and high mortality rate for the 3rd instar larvae of O. furnacalis and is of great application potential.

Key words: Ostrinia furnacalis, entomopathogenic fungi, biological characteristics, pathogenicity, biological control

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