石茅致病菌株BS-1的分离、鉴定及其除草潜力的研究

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了分离筛选出具有强除草活性的植物病原菌菌株，挖掘微生物除草剂新的菌种资源。采集自然感病的石茅Sorghum halepense植株，用组织及单孢分离法分离纯化菌株，通过菌落形态观察和ITS鉴定确定菌株BS-1为尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum。利用培养皿滤纸法测定菌株BS-1发酵液对石茅种子发芽率的影响结果表明，浓度1.0× 10⁵～1.0×10⁷孢子/mL发酵液处理的石茅种子后发芽率均低于33%，菌株BS-1对石茅种子萌发具有显著的抑制作用，且对胚根的抑制作用大于胚芽。活体盆栽法试验结果表明，不同浓度的菌株BS-1发酵液对石茅的幼苗也有不同程度的致病作用，14 d时石茅植株发病率均＞40.07%，病情指数均＞33.72，鲜重抑制率均＞46.54%。处理浓度为1.0×10⁷孢子/mL时石茅种子不能萌发，14 d时石茅幼苗的致病率达到98.12%，病情指数为88.72，鲜重抑制率为89.23%，对石茅幼苗有较强的致病性。菌株BS-1 1.0×10⁷孢子/mL对石茅伴生杂草草稗Echinochloa crusgalli、马唐Digitaria sanguinalis、牛筋Eleusine indica、蒺藜草Cenchrus echinatus均具有不同程度的致病性，对牛筋草和稗的致病效果尤为显著，致病率分别为88.52%和87.77%。安全性测定结果表明，菌株BS-1对主要作物玉米Zea mays、水稻Oryza sativai、青菜Brassica rapavar.chinensis、白菜Brassica rapa var.glabra、芫荽Coriandrum sativum安全。因此，菌株BS-1具有开发成为微生物除草剂的潜力，同时该研究结果也为石茅的田间生物防除提供菌种资源和试验基础。

关键词: 石茅, 镰刀菌, 致病性, 安全性, 生物防治

Abstract: The aim of this study is to isolate and screen plant pathogenic strains with strong herbicidal activity, providing new bacterial resources for the development of microbial herbicides. The naturally infected plants of Sorghum halepense were collected, and the strains were isolated and purified by tissue and single spore isolation. The strain BS-1 was identified as Fusarium oxysporum by colony morphology observation and ITS identification. The effect of spore suspension with concentration of 1.0×10⁵-1.0×10⁷ spores/mL on the germination rate of S. halepense seeds and the pathogenic effect of young plants were measured by petri dish filter paper method and live pot method. The results showed that the germination rate of S. halepense seeds after treatment with different concentration of spore suspension was lower than 33%, and strain BS-1 had a significant inhibitory effect on the germination of S. halepense seeds. The inhibitory effect on the radicle was greater than that on the germ, and it also had different degrees of pathogenicity on the seedings. The results of live pot experiment showed that different concentration of strain BS-1 fermentation liquid also had different degree of pathogenic effect on the young plants of S. halepense. At 14 days, the incidence rate of S. halepense plants was more than 40.07%, the disease index was more than 33.72%, and the inhibition rate of fresh weight was more than 46.54%. When the concentration was 1.0×10⁷ spores/mL, the seeds could not germinate. At 14 days, the pathogenic rate of the seedlings reached 98.12 %, the disease index was 88.72 %, and the fresh weight inhibition rate was 89.23 %, which had strong pathogenicity to the seedlings. Finally, the pathogenicity of strain BS-1 against four associated weeds of S. halepense and the safety of five main crops were evaluated at this treatment concentration. The results showed that the strain also exhibited varying degrees of pathogenicity against weeds such as Echinochloa crus-galli, Digitaria sanguinalis, Eleusine indica, and Cenchrus echinatus. Especially, it has a significant pathogenic effect on Eleusine indica and Echinochloa crus-galli, with pathogenic rates of 88.52% and 87.77%, disease index of 79.42% and 78.69%, and fresh weight inhibition rates of 84.48% and 81.11%, respectively. But it has high safety for the main crops Zea mays, Oryza sativai, Brassica rapa var. chinensis, Brassica rapa var. glabra, and Coriandrum sativum. Therefore, the strain BS-1 has the potential to be developed as a microbial herbicid, and the research results also provide strain resources and experimental basis for field biological control of S. halepense.

Key words: Sorghum halepense, Fusarium, pathogenicity, security, biological control

中图分类号:

S476

王亚, 刘延, 范志伟, 黄乔乔. 石茅致病菌株BS-1的分离、鉴定及其除草潜力的研究[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2025, 41(2): 436-445.

WANG Ya, LIU Yan, FAN Zhiwei, HUANG Qiaoqiao. Isolation, Identification and Herbicidal Potential of The Pathogenic Strain BS-1 from Sorghum halepense[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2025, 41(2): 436-445.

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