当归枯萎病拮抗菌的鉴定及促生防病效果

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.031

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 明确当归枯萎病拮抗菌DST27、HQT43的分类地位，并评价其生防效果，为其开发利用提供理论依据。通过形态学特征、生理生化特性及16S rDNA序列分析进行菌种鉴定，通过盆栽试验验证生防菌对当归的促生能力，对当归枯萎病的防效及对当归根际土壤微生物种类和数量的影响。前期分别从党参和黄芪根际土壤中分离获得具有溶磷、固氮和抑菌功能菌株DST27和HQT43，基于形态学和16S rDNA序列，初步鉴定菌株DST27为短小芽胞杆菌Bacillus pumilus，HQT43为微白黄链霉菌Streptomyces albidoflavus。DST27及复合菌剂（DST27:HQT43=1:1）对当归茎粗、地上部分鲜重、干重、地下部分鲜重和干重均有不同程度促进作用，与对照相比有显著差异（P＜0.05）。盆栽试验表明，生防菌剂对当归枯萎病的预防作用强于防治作用：预防组处理中，DST27、HQT43和DST27+HQT43（1:1）对当归枯萎病防治效果分别为71.88%、43.75%和73.53%；防治组处理中，防治效果分别为65.62%、34.38%和43.75%。生防菌处理后，当归根际细菌和放线菌数量相对于对照显著增多，而真菌数量明显减少。DST27+HQT43以1:1比例混合施用对当归根际土壤放线菌和真菌数量的影响最显著。DST27与HQT43以1:1比例混合施用能明显改变根际土壤微生物数量，促进作物生长，具有良好的生防效果，有较好的开发应用前景。

关键词: 当归枯萎病, 短小芽胞杆菌 DST27, 微白黄链霉菌 HQT43, 菌种鉴定, 生物防治

Abstract: To clarify the classification status of antagonistic bacteria DST27 and HQT43 against Angelica wilt, evaluate their biocontrol effects, and provide theoretical basis for their development and utilization. The strain was identified using morphological characterization, physiological and biochemical traits, and 16S rDNA sequencing analysis. The potential of biocontrol bacteria to promote the growth of Angelica sinensis, prevent the illness known as Angelica wilt, and influence the kinds and numbers of soil microorganisms in the plant's rhizosphere were all investigated through pot experiments. In the early stage, strains DST27 and HQT43 with phosphorus solubilization, nitrogen fixation, and antibacterial functions were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Codonopsis pilosula and Astragalus, preliminary identification of strain DST27 as Bacillus pumilus and HQT43 as Streptomyces albidoflavus. Significant differences (P＜0.05) were observed in the promotion effects of DST27 and its mixed inoculant (DST27:HQT43=1:1) on stem diameter, fresh weight, dry weight of aboveground part, fresh weight, and dry weight of underground portion. The findings demonstrated that the biocontrol agents' ability to prevent Angelica wilt outweighed their ability to treat it. The prevention effects of DST27, HQT43, and DST27+HQT43 (1:1) on Angelica wilt were 71.88%, 43.75%, and 73.53%, respectively, in the preventative group. The prevention and treatment effects in the treatment group were 65.62%, 34.38%, and 43.75%, in that order. Rhizosphere bacteria and actinomycetes dramatically increased following treatment with biocontrol bacteria, whereas the number of fungus significantly decreased. Actinomycetes and fungi in rhizosphere soil were most significantly affected by the mixed application of DST27+HQT43 at a 1:1 ratio. A good development and application prospect is presented by the combined application of DST27 and HQT43 in a 1:1 ratio, which may clearly alter the population of soil microorganisms and encourage crop growth in addition to having a good biocontrol effect.

Key words: Angelica wilt disease, Bacillus pumilus DST27, Streptomyces albidoflavus HQT43, strain identification, biocontrol

中图分类号:

S476

李铮, 王允瑶, 郭增祥, 栾涵钰, 付瑶, 王伟, 晋玲, 王艳. 当归枯萎病拮抗菌的鉴定及促生防病效果[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2025, 41(3): 561-570.

LI Zheng, WANG Yunyao, GUO Zengxiang, LUAN Hanyu, FU Yao, WANG Wei, JIN Ling, WANG Yan. Identification of Antagonistic Bacteria against Angelica Wilt and Their Effect on Promoting Growth and Disease Controlling[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2025, 41(3): 561-570.

参考文献

[1] 国家药典委员会编. 中华人民共和国药典一部2020年版[M]. 北京：中国医药科技出版社, 2020, 139.
[2] 晋玲王艳. 甘肃省药用植物病害原色图谱[M]. 兰州: 甘肃科学技术出版社, 2023, 3-16.
[3] 王霞, 杨少杰, 晋小军, 等. 不同杀菌剂对当归主要病害的防效及经济效益比较[J]. 植物保护, 2023, 49(4): 341-348.
[4] Kumar J, Ramlal A, Mallick D, et al. An overview of some biopesticides and their Importance in plant protection for commercial acceptance[J]. Plants (Basel), 2021, 10(6): 1185.
[5] 瞿佳, 孙晓宇, 赵玲侠, 等. 核桃黑斑病生防链霉菌YNF36的鉴定及其抑菌活性测定[J]. 微生物学通报, 2022, 49(11): 4727-4739.
[6] 张敏, 郑媛, 赵玉洋, 等. 假单胞菌菌株ZL8发酵培养基及发酵条件的优化[J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 2022, 28(22): 174-181.
[7] Trivedi P, Leach J E, Tringe S G, et al. Plant-microbiome interactions: from community assembly to plant health[J]. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2020, 18(11): 607-621.
[8] 周益帆, 白寅霜, 岳童, 等. 植物根际促生菌促生特性研究进展[J]. 微生物学通报, 2023, 50(2): 644-666.
[9] Zia R, Nawaz M S, Siddique M J, et al. Plant survival under drought stress: Implications, adaptive responses, and integrated rhizosphere management strategy for stress mitigation[J]. Microbiological Research, 2021, 242: 126626.
[10] Adeniji A A, Loots D T, Babalola O O. Bacillus velezensis: phylogeny, useful applications, and avenues for exploitation[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2019, 103(9): 3669-3682.
[11] 张晓佳, 解植彩, 张文晋, 等. 短小芽胞杆菌对盐胁迫下甘草生长及抗氧化系统的影响[J]. 时珍国医国药, 2019, 30(3): 688-691.
[12] Kumar A, Singh S, Mukherjee A, et al. Salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting Bacillus pumilus strain JPVS11 to enhance plant growth attributes of rice and improve soil health under salinity stress[J]. Microbiological Research, 2021, 242: 126616.
[13] 李赛, 高翔宇, 苏飞鸿, 等. 短小芽胞杆菌KX-33做种衣剂对棉花枯萎病的田间防效[J]. 新疆农业科技, 2022(3): 39-43.
[14] Xinggang C, Changlin L, Ang L J, et al. First report of Colletotrichum fructicola causing anthracnose on Camellia yuhsienensis Hu in China[J]. Plant Disease, 2022, 106(1): 321.
[15] 宁楚涵, 李文彬, 张晨, 等. 丛枝菌根真菌与放线菌对辣椒和茄子的促生防病效应[J]. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(9): 3195-3202.
[16] 石义妃, 耿佩冰, 吴皓, 等. 金黄垂直链霉菌DF06的分类鉴定及防病促生作用[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2023, 39(2): 407-417.
[17] 金涵, 李梦雅, 姚感, 等. 白刺链霉菌CT205对南方根结线虫的毒杀作用及盆栽防效[J]. 南京农业大学学报, 2023, 46(1): 63-70.
[18] Le KD, Yu N H, Park A R, et al. Streptomyces sp. AN090126 as a biocontrol agent against bacterial and fungal plant diseases[J]. Microorganisms, 2022, 10(4): 791.
[19] Al Raish S M S E E A. Evaluation of Streptomycete actinobacterial isolates as biocontrol agents against royal poinciana stem canker disease caused by the fungal pathogen Neoscytalidium dimidiatum[J]. Biological Control, 2021(164): 104783.
[20] 吕娇娇. 甘肃省13种药用植物根际和内生菌的分离及5 株功能菌株鉴定和抑菌促生功能测定[D]. 兰州: 甘肃中医药大学, 2022.
[21] 蔡妙英. 东秀珠. 常见细菌系统鉴定手册[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2001, 349-388.
[22] 冯广达, 陈美标, 羊宋贞, 等. 用于PCR扩增的细菌DNA提取方法比较[J]. 华南农业大学学报, 2013, 34(3): 439-442.
[23] 梅凤珍, 周明超, 杨丹, 等. 生防菌Y26的鉴定、发酵优化及其杀线虫活性测定[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2024, 40(2): 424-434.
[24] Li B J, Li H L, Shi Y X, et al. First report of Pseudomonas cichorii causing leaf spot of vegetable sponge gourd in china[J]. Plant Disease, 2014, 98(1): 153.
[25] 赵龙飞, 徐亚军, 常佳丽, 等. 大豆根瘤内抗棉花枯萎病菌株的筛选及其防病试验[J]. 微生物学报, 2017, 57(5): 710-723.
[26] Wang G X Y J J. Effect of soil type and soybean genotype on fungal community in soybean rhizosphere during reproductive growth stages[J]. Plant and Soil, 2009, 317: 135-144.
[27] 林先贵. 土壤微生物研究原理与方法[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2010, 29-85.
[28] 王丹, 赵毅, 宋婕, 等. 两种芽胞杆菌配施纳米铁对成药期党参根际土壤养分及微生物类群的影响[J]. 应用与环境生物学报, 2023, 29(5): 1261-1269.
[29] Farid A E K, Ibrahim E E, Mahfouz M M A E. Application of Bacillus pumilus isolates for management of black rot disease in strawberry[J]. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 2021, 31(1): 25.
[30] 袁晓娟, 尹旭格, 曹欣, 等. 含短小芽胞杆菌的种衣剂对棉花枯萎病防治效果的研究[J]. 新疆农业大学学报, 2019, 42(5): 365-371.
[31] 魏浩卓, 李宁, 李静泉. 稻瘟病拮抗菌短小芽胞杆菌NDY-10的功能特性与全基因组分析[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2024, 52(12): 277-284.
[32] Alonso P D, de Jesús O J, Isela O G, et al. Growth promotion of Phaseolus vulgaris and Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings by Streptomycetes volatile compounds[J]. Plants, 2022, 11(7): 875.
[33] 孟俊华, 张少航, 鲁曼霞, 等. 链霉菌次级代谢产物生物合成的调控研究进展[J]. 中草药, 2024, 55(14): 4917-4929.
[34] 田琳, 陈婧, 王阳. 西瓜枯萎病生防链霉菌的筛选及其防治机理研究[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2023, 39(3): 657-666.
[35] 姜莉莉, 孙守民, 杨帅, 等. 草莓枯萎病拮抗菌JM-3的鉴定及生防效果评价[J]. 农学学报, 2022, 12(7): 26-32.
[36] 祝文慧, 秦溥, 赵岩, 等. 两种芽胞杆菌对苗期土传辣椒疫病的防控作用[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2023, 39(5): 1235-1243.
[37] 胡展, 付祖姣, 郭照辉, 等. 复合微生物菌剂对水稻稻瘟病的生防效应[J]. 微生物学通报, 2024, 51(2): 453-493.
[38] 孙广正, 姚拓, 侯栋, 等. 西葫芦根腐病菌拮抗细菌的防病促生作用[J]. 微生物学通报, 2017, 44(5): 1121-1130.
[39] 车永梅, 刘广超, 郭艳苹, 等. 一种耐盐复合菌剂的制备和促生作用研究[J]. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(11): 217-225.
[40] 陈梦多, 胡春艳, 马肖静, 等. 植物根际细菌HQ1-2的根际定殖与土壤微生态调节及枯萎病防治[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2023, 39(4): 924-932.
[41] 刘博文, 李蓉, 杨萍, 等. 生物菌剂与土壤熏蒸互作对三七土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J]. 西南农业学报, 2023, 36(11): 2437-2450.
[42] 沈婷婷, 张琇, 杨国平, 等. 生防菌剂对西瓜根际土壤微生物群落和尖孢镰刀菌属的影响[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 51(7): 115-125.