解淀粉芽胞杆菌Z3的分离鉴定及代谢物对甜菜立枯病防治效果的评价

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2026.02.040

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 甜菜是重要的糖料作物，由立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani引起的甜菜立枯病严重危害甜菜的产量和品质。为实现该病害的绿色高效防控，本研究从健康甜菜幼苗的叶片、茎、根系及根际土壤中共分离获得354株细菌菌株；通过采用平板对峙法与盆栽试验，筛选获得甜菜立枯病生防菌株Z3，该菌株在离体条件下对立枯丝核菌的抑制率为79.83%，对甜菜立枯病的防效达70%；根据形态学、生理生化反应、16S rRNA与gyrB基因序列特征，将菌株Z3鉴定为解淀粉芽胞杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens；温室防病试验结果表明，菌株Z3无菌滤液对甜菜立枯病的防效达85%；非靶向代谢组学结合活性试验表明，其产生的喹哪啶酸和甲萘醌对立枯丝核菌具有显著抑制作用，IC₅₀值分别为67.19和7.55 mmol/L，盆栽防效分别为40%和55%。上述结果表明，解淀粉芽孢杆菌Z3及其活性代谢物在甜菜立枯病生物防治中具有重要应用潜力。

关键词: 甜菜立枯病, 立枯丝核菌, 解淀粉芽胞杆菌, 代谢物, 生物防治

Abstract: Sugar beet is an important sugar crop, and damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani poses a serious threat to its yield and quality. To achieve green and efficient control of this disease, a total of 354 bacterial strains were isolated from the leaves, stems, roots and rhizosphere soil of healthy sugar beet seedlings. This strain showed an inhibition rate of 79.83% against R. solani under in vitro conditions, and its protective efficacy against sugar beet damping-off reached 70%. Based on morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical reactions, 16S rRNA and gyr B gene sequence characteristics, strain Z3 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Greenhouse disease control test demonstrated that the sterile filtrate of strain Z3 had a control efficacy of 85% against sugar beet damping-off. Furthermore, non-targeted metabolomics combined with bioactivity validation revealed that quinaldic acid and menadione produced by strain Z3 significantly suppressed R. solani growth, with IC₅₀ values of 67.19 and 7.55 mmol/L, and control efficacies of 40% and 55% in pot assays, respectively. These findings indicate that B. amyloliquefaciens Z3 and its bioactive metabolites hold considerable application potential for the biocontrol of sugar beet damping-off.

Key words: sugar beet damping-off, Rhizoctonia solani, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, metabolite, biological control

中图分类号:

S476

张雅, 王卫雄, 孙嘉濛, 吴迪, 胡晓航, 牛犇. 解淀粉芽胞杆菌Z3的分离鉴定及代谢物对甜菜立枯病防治效果的评价[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2026, 42(4): 934-944.

ZHANG Ya, WANG Weixiong, SUN Jiameng, WU Di, HU Xiaohang, NIU Ben. Isolation and Identification of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Z3 and Control Effect of Its Metabolites on Sugar Beet Damping-off[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2026, 42(4): 934-944.

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