分散泛菌KRS883对棉花黄萎病的防效与机制

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2026.02.045

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 棉花黄萎病是由大丽轮枝菌Verticillium dahliae引起的一种毁灭性土传维管束病害，严重制约棉花产业的可持续发展。为挖掘新的生防资源，本研究从“苏棉9号”棉花种子内部分离获得一株对大丽轮枝菌具有显著拮抗活性的细菌KRS883。经形态学及fusA、rplB、rpoB基因序列串联分析，将其鉴定为分散泛菌Pantoea dispersa。平板对峙试验表明，该菌株对包括大丽轮枝菌在内的多种植物病原真菌具有广谱抑菌活性，其中对大丽轮枝菌的抑制率为86.30%。菌株KRS883环境适应性强，可在pH 4～10及1400 mmol/L NaCl条件下生长，且具备解磷、解钾、固氮、产铁载体及分泌IAA等多种促生特性。盆栽防效试验表明，KRS883处理下棉花黄萎病病情指数可从对照组的97.92显著降低至54.86，同时使根部病原菌的相对定殖量显著减少。另外，菌株KRS883可破坏大丽轮枝菌菌丝生长发育与细胞结构，并能诱导烟草抗性防御相关基因（NbHIN1、NbGLNb、NbPR1、NbPR2、NbPR5、NbPR4、NbLOX）显著上调表达。综上所述，分散泛菌KRS883是一株兼具高效拮抗活性、多重促生功能及诱导植物抗性能力的优良生防菌株，在棉花黄萎病的绿色防控中具有良好的应用潜力和开发前景。

关键词: 棉花黄萎病, 大丽轮枝菌, 生物防治, 分散泛菌, 促生特性, 诱导抗性

Abstract: Cotton Verticillium wilt, caused by the soilborne vascular pathogen Verticillium dahliae, poses a significant threat to the sustainable development of the cotton industry. In this study, a bacterial strain KRS883 was isolated from the seeds of the cotton variety ‘Sumian 9', which exhibits strong antagonistic activity against V. dahliae. Through morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the fusA, rplB, and rpoB gene sequences, KRS883 was identified as Pantoea dispersa. Plate confrontation assays showed that this strain exhibits broad-spectrum antifungal activity against various phytopathogenic fungi, achieving up to 86.30% inhibition rate against V. dahliae. Furthermore, KRS883 exhibited significant environmental adaptability, thriving under pH levels ranging from 4 to 10 and tolerating high NaCl concentration of 1400 mmol/L. It also possesses multiple plant growth-promoting traits, including phosphate and potassium solubilization, nitrogen fixation, siderophore production, and indole-3-acetic acid(IAA) secretion. Pot experiments revealed that treatment with KRS883 significantly reduced the disease index of cotton Verticillium wilt from 97.92 in the control group to 54.86, while substantially decreasing the relative colonization of the pathogen in cotton roots. Additionally, KRS883 was found to disrupt the hyphal morphology and cellular structure of V. dahliae and to induce significant upregulation of systemic resistance-related genes(NbHIN1, NbGLNb, NbPR1, NbPR2, NbPR4, NbPR5, and NbLOX) in tobacco. Collectively, these results indicate that P. dispersa KRS883 is a promising biocontrol agent, characterized by high antagonistic activity, multiple plant growth-promoting properties, and the ability to induce plant resistance, making it a strong candidate for the environmentally friendly management of cotton Verticillium wilt.

Key words: cotton Verticillium wilt, Verticillium dahliae, biological control, Pantoea dispersa, growth-promoting characteristics, induced resistance

中图分类号:

S476

刘惠姊, 陈德勇, 朱鹤, 刘政, 宋健, 陈捷胤, 王丹, 张丹丹. 分散泛菌KRS883对棉花黄萎病的防效与机制[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2026, 42(4): 898-910.

LIU Huizi, CHEN Deyong, ZHU He, LIU Zheng, SONG Jian, CHEN Jieyin, WANG Dan, ZHANG Dandan. Biocontrol Effect and Mechanism of Pantoea dispersa KRS883 on Cotton Verticillium Wilt[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2026, 42(4): 898-910.

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