南瓜枯萎病生防细菌YB菌株的鉴定和生防效果

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2026.02.038

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为获得对南瓜枯萎病具有良好防治效果的生防菌株，本研究对前期从土壤分离得到的一株生防菌株YB进行抑菌活性测定和室内防效评价，明确其分类地位，并初步探讨YB菌株的生防作用机制。根据形态学特征、生理生化特性以及16S r DNA和gyrB基因联合建树分析将YB菌株鉴定为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌Bacillus velezensis。采用平板对峙法明确了YB菌株具有广谱抑菌能力，对8种不同病原真菌均具有较好的抑制作用，其中对尖孢镰孢菌的对峙抑制效果最好，抑菌率为83.63%。YB菌株发酵滤液原液对尖孢镰孢菌分生孢子的萌发抑制效果最好，其抑制率为90.49%。盆栽试验结果表明，接种YB菌株发酵液24 h后再接种尖孢镰孢菌（预防作用）的处理防效为78.10%，接种尖孢镰孢菌24 h后再接种YB菌株发酵液（防治作用）的处理防效为63.81%，表明贝莱斯芽孢杆菌YB菌株对南瓜枯萎病具有较好的防治效果，且预防作用的效果优于防治作用。防御酶活性测定结果表明，防治作用处理的南瓜植株在48 h SOD、PAL、CAT和PPO活性达到最大值，分别是无菌水处理的1.6、2.74、3.25和4.65倍。预防作用处理的南瓜植株4种酶活性在72 h达到最大值，分别是无菌水处理的1.7、2.55、5.28和4.36倍。综上，贝莱斯芽孢杆菌YB菌株可有效防治南瓜枯萎病，为枯萎病生物防治提供了优良菌种资源。

关键词: 南瓜枯萎病, 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌, 生物防治, 盆栽试验

Abstract: To obtain effective biocontrol strains against Fusarium oxysporum caused pumpkin Fusarium wilt, the antifungal activity and control efficacy of a biocontrol strain YB, isolated from the soil in the previous experiment, was conducted and evaluated in this study. The taxonomic status of the YB strain was clarified, and its biocontrol mechanism was preliminarily explored. Based on the analysis of morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical properties, as well as phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA and gyrB sequences, the strain YB was identified as Bacillus velezensis. Strain YB exhibited potent inhibitory activity against eight pathogenic fungi in plate confrontation assays, achieving the highest inhibition rate(83.63%) against Fusarium oxysporum. The stock solution of the fermentation filtrate of strain YB had the strongest inhibitory effect on the germination of conidia of Fusarium oxysporum, with an inhibitory rate of 90.49%. In the pot experiment, the control efficacy of inoculation with the fermentation broth of YB strain for 24 hours followed by inoculation with F. oxysporum(protective effect) was 83.45%, while the control efficacy of inoculation with the fermentation broth of strain YB for 24 hours followed by inoculation with F. oxysporum(therapeutic effect) was 62.94%. These results indicate that B. velezensis YB strain has obvious control effects on pumpkin Fusarium wilt, and the control effect of the protective effect is better than that of the therapeutic effect. In the therapeutic pumpkin plants, the activities of SOD, PAL, CAT and PPO reached the maximum at 48 h, which were 1.6, 2.74, 3.25 and 4.65 times those of the sterile water treatment, respectively. In pumpkin plants with the protective effect, the activities of the four enzymes peaked at 72 h, reaching 1.7, 2.55, 5.28, and 4.36 times those of the sterile water treatment, respectively. In conclusion, B. velezensis YB effectively controls pumpkin Fusarium wilt and provides the excellent microbial resource for biological control of Fusarium wilt.

Key words: pumpkin Fusarium wilt, Bacillus velezensis, biological control, pot experiment

中图分类号:

S476

刘思煜, 黑雅娅, 薛应钰. 南瓜枯萎病生防细菌YB菌株的鉴定和生防效果[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2026, 42(3): 695-708.

LIU Siyu, HEI Yaya, XUE Yingyu. Identification of the Biocontrol Bacterium YB and Biocontrol Effect and Action Mechanism on Pumpkin Fusarium disease[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2026, 42(3): 695-708.

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