饥饿胁迫对异色瓢虫幼虫发育的影响

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2016.02.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis(Pallas)幼虫在野外常遭遇间歇性食物短缺问题,为揭示食物缺乏对异色瓢虫发育的影响,以耐饥能力最强的4龄幼虫为研究对象,以禾谷缢管蚜Rhopalosiphum padi(Linnaeus)为食物,观察和分析饥饿处理(持续饲喂时间不同)和幼虫初始体重对幼虫存活、历期、成虫体型大小和寿命等发育指标的影响。结果表明,在"不饲喂"和"饲喂1 d"的饥饿胁迫处理下,4龄幼虫均不能存活至化蛹;在"饲喂2 d"的处理下,幼虫化蛹率随其初始体重增大而增大,但在"饲喂3 d"和"饲喂4 d"的处理下,幼虫化蛹率不受初始体重的影响,均为100%。饥饿处理和幼虫初始体重均显著影响4龄幼虫历期,"饲喂3 d"和"饲喂4 d"的幼虫历期与"饲喂2 d"的处理相比分别缩短58%和30%;而且在"饲喂2 d"和"饲喂3 d"处理下幼虫历期表现出随其初始体重增大而缩短的趋势。饥饿处理显著影响成虫的体重,但幼虫初始体重没有显著影响;与"饲喂2 d"的处理相比,"饲喂3 d"的成虫体重增大63.7%,"饲喂4 d"的成虫体重增大72.5%。幼虫初始体重不显著影响成虫寿命;但与"饲喂2 d"的饥饿处理相比,"饲喂4 d"的成虫寿命增大27.5%。研究结果表明,4龄幼虫需要取食足量蚜虫2 d以上方可完成发育至化蛹和羽化。

关键词: 异色瓢虫, 发育, 营养生态学, 生活史, 瓢虫

Abstract: Ladybird beetles often face temporary food shortage during their life. We examined effects of food shortage on Harmonia axyridis development using the 4th instar larva as the testing insect, one of the most starvation-resistant stages, and the bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi as the prey. We examined larval development time, survival, adult body size and longevity as affected by starvation and initial larval body weight. H. axyridis larvae did not survive to pupation under the "no feeding" and "feeding for 1 d" treatments. In the "feeding for 2 d" treatment, pupation rate increased from 46% with increase in the initial body weight, while all the larvae pupated in the treatments of feeding for 3 and 4 d without relation to the initial body weight. Larval duration was influenced by both starvation and the initial body weight, decreasing by 58% and 30% under "feeding for 3 d" and "feeding for 4 d" compared to "feeding for 2 d", respectively. The larval duration decreased with increase in the initial body weight under the treatments of feeding for 2 and 3 d. Adult body weight was affected by starvation only, not by the initial larval body weight, increasing by 63.7% and 72.5% under the treatments of feeding for 3 and 4 d compared to the feeding for 2 d, respectively. Adult longevity increased by 27.5% for the "feeding for 4 d" compared to the "feeding for 2 d" treatments. The results suggest that the H. axyridis 4th instars require feeding for more than 2 days on aphids for their development to adults.

Key words: Harmonia axyridis, development, nutrition ecology, life history, Coccinellidae

中图分类号:

S476.2

李阳, 孟玲, 李保平. 饥饿胁迫对异色瓢虫幼虫发育的影响[J]. 中国生物防治学报, DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2016.02.003.

LI Yang, MENG Ling, LI Baoping. Effects of Starvation Stress on Larval Developmental Performances of Harmonia axyridis[J]. journal1, DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2016.02.003.

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