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中国生物防治学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 1216-1227.DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2026.02.049

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

杜鹃花枯萎病病原菌分离鉴定及拮抗菌的筛选

冷晨希1,2, 单菲1, 汪倩1, 张习敏2, 唐婧1,2   

  1. 1. 贵州师范大学生命科学学院/贵州省植物生理与发育调控重点实验室, 贵阳 550025;
    2. 贵州师范大学/贵州省高等学校高山杜鹃病虫害绿色防控重点实验室, 贵阳 550025
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-30 发布日期:2026-10-21
  • 通讯作者: 博士,正高级实验师,E-mail:tangjing2016@gznu.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:冷晨希,女,硕士,E-mail:18985571496@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(42567039);2025年贵州省基础研究计划(自然科学)重点项目(黔科合基础ZD〔2025〕046);贵州省科技支撑计划(黔科合支撑[2021]一般459);贵州省高等学校高山杜鹃病虫害绿色防控重点实验室项目(黔教技[2022]044号)

Isolation and Identification of Pathogens Causing Rhododendron Wilt and Screening of Antagonistic Bacteria

LENG Chenxi1,2, SHAN Fei1, WANG Qian1, ZHANG Ximin2, TANG Jing1,2   

  1. 1. School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University/Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, Guiyang 550025, China;
    2. Guizhou Normal University/Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Alpine Rhododendron Pests and Diseases Green Control in Universities, Guiyang 550025, China
  • Received:2025-09-30 Published:2026-10-21

摘要: 杜鹃花枯萎病严重威胁毕节百里杜鹃自然保护区的景观与经济价值。为减少化学防治风险,本研究旨在分离鉴定致病病原,并筛选具高效拮抗活性的内生细菌,初步探究其抑菌机制。从染病花瓣中分离纯化潜在病原真菌,经科赫氏法则验证致病性;从邻近健康花瓣组织分离内生细菌,采用平板对峙法筛选拮抗菌株并计算抑菌率。结合形态学、ITS序列系统发育分析及致病性测定,确定强致病菌MLR-1为新棒状拟盘多毛孢Neopestalotiopsis clavispora。共筛选到3株拮抗细菌,其中枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis BST-1抑菌效果最强,对峙培养4 d抑菌率达47.37%;其他两株均为高地芽孢杆菌Bacillus altitudinis。拮抗菌上清液经100℃处理15 min后仍显著抑制病原菌丝生长,表明活性物质具热稳定性。本研究明确了杜鹃花枯萎病的病原菌,表明枯草芽孢杆菌BST-1具有良好生防潜力,其热稳定代谢产物为开发生防制剂提供了候选物质,为病害绿色防控提供了理论依据。

关键词: 杜鹃花枯萎病, 拮抗细菌, 新棒状拟盘多毛孢, 花瓣内生细菌

Abstract: Rhododendron wilt significantly impairs the ornamental and economic value of the Bijie Hundred-Mile Rhododendron Nature Reserve. To minimize the risks of chemical control, this study aimed to identify the causal pathogen and screen endophytic bacteria with strong antagonistic activity against it, along with a preliminary investigation of their inhibitory mechanisms. Potential pathogenic fungi were isolated from diseased petals, and their pathogenicity was verified by Koch’s postulates. Antagonistic bacteria were isolated from adjacent healthy petal tissues and screened using the dual-culture plate assay; inhibition rates were calculated to evaluate efficacy. Based on morphological characteristics, ITS sequence phylogeny, and pathogenicity tests, the most virulent isolate MLR-1 was identified as Neopestalotiopsis clavispora. Among three antagonistic bacterial isolates obtained, Bacillus subtilis BST-1 exhibited the strongest inhibition, with a rate of 47.37% after 4 days of co-culture; the other two were identified as Bacillus altitudinis. The supernatants of these antagonists, even after heat treatment at 100 ℃ for 15 min, still significantly suppressed mycelial growth, indicating the presence of heat-stable bioactive compounds. This study identifies N. clavispora as the causal agent of Rhododendron wilt and demonstrates that B. subtilis BST-1 has promising biocontrol potential. The thermostable metabolites produced by this strain represent candidate agents for developing specialized biocontrol products, providing a theoretical basis for green management of this disease.

Key words: Rhododendron wilt, antagonistic bacteria, Neopestalotiopsis clavispora, petal-derived endophytes

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