蜡样芽胞杆菌SAU03次生代谢产物及其杀线虫活性

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究旨在为从厨余垃圾降解物中分离和筛选具有杀线虫活性的菌株，并阐明活性菌株中次生代谢产物的结构和类型，采用热击稀释法分离厨余垃圾降解产物中的细菌，通过高效液相色谱法（HPLC）联合浸渍法筛选出次生代谢产物丰富的活性菌株，利用分子生物学方法对活性菌株进行鉴定，进一步采用色谱学和波谱学方法对次生代谢产物进行分离纯化和结构鉴定，并测试单体化合物的杀线虫活性。结果显示，从厨余垃圾降解物中共分离得到10株形态差异明显的细菌，其中菌株SAU03含有较丰富的次生代谢产物且杀线虫活性最强，经16S rDNA序列分析最终将其鉴定为蜡样芽胞杆菌Bacillus cereus。从菌株SAU03中共分离鉴定出9个单体化合物，包括1个新的二芳基醚类化合物(4-{[4-(2-甲氧基-2-氧亚基乙基)苯基]氧基}苯基)乙酸（1）和8个已知的化合物N-乙酰酪胺（2）、环-(L-羟脯氨酸-L-苯丙氨酸)（3）、环-(D-顺式-羟脯氨酸-L-苯丙氨酸)（4）、环-(L-羟脯氨酸-L-亮氨酸)（5）、环-(甘氨酸-L-脯氨酸)（6）、苯乙酸（7）、2-氨基苯甲酸（8）和胸腺嘧啶（9）。其中，化合物8在相同处理时间和浓度下的杀线虫活性最好，且在24和36 h对松材线虫的抑制效果强于阳性对照鱼藤酮。本研究为微生物资源的开发与利用以及杀线虫活性物质的发掘提供了重要的理论依据。

关键词: 蜡样芽胞杆菌, 厨余垃圾降解产物, 次生代谢产物, 杀线虫活性

Abstract: This study aimed to isolate and screen bacterial strains with nematicidal activity from food waste degradation products and to elucidate the structures and classifications of secondary metabolites produced by the active strains. Bacteria were isolated from food waste degradation products using the heat strike dilution method, and active strains producing abundant secondary metabolites were screened by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with the immersion method. Candidate strains were further characterized through molecular biology techniques, while chromatographic and spectroscopic methods were employed to purify and identify the structures of the isolated compounds. The nematicidal activity of the isolated compounds was also evaluated. A total of 10 morphologically distinct bacterial strains were isolated, among which strain SAU03 exhibited the highest abundance of secondary metabolites and the strongest nematicidal activity. Based on the 16S rDNA sequence analysis, strain SAU03 was identified as Bacillus cereus. Nine compounds were isolated and characterized from strain SAU03, including one new diaryl ether compound 2-(4-(4-(2-Methoxy-2-oxoethyl) phenoxy) phenyl) acetic acid (1), and eight known compounds. The known compounds were N-acetyltyramine (2), cyclo-(L-4-Hyp-L-Phe) (3), cyclo-(L- Phe-cis-4-hydroxy-D-Pro) (4), cyclo-(L-4-Hyp-L-Leu) (5), cyclo-(Gly-L-Pro) (6), phenylacetic acid (7), anthranilic acid (8), and thymine (9), respectively. Among these, compound 8 exhibited the most potent nematicidal activity, demonstrating superior inhibition of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus compared to the positive control, rotenone, at both 24 and 36 hours under identical treatment conditions. This study provides valuable insights for the development and utilization of microbial resources and the discovery of nematicidal agents.

Key words: Bacillus cereus, food waste degradation products, secondary metabolites, nematicidal activity

中图分类号:

Q939.9

刘泽文, 蔡腾, 杨玉婷, 陈诗琦, 李逸彤, 刘天颐, 王宏洪, 毛子翎, 单体江. 蜡样芽胞杆菌SAU03次生代谢产物及其杀线虫活性[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2025, 41(1): 91-102.

LIU Zewen, CAI Teng, YANG Yuting, CHEN Shiqi, LI Yitong, LIU Tianyi, WANG Honghong, MAO Ziling, SHAN Tijiang. Secondary Metabolites of Bacillus cereus SAU03 and Their Nematicidal Activities[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2025, 41(1): 91-102.

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