沈阳地区美国白蛾天敌蜘蛛种类与捕食能力

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2026.01.043

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确沈阳地区美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea (Drury)天敌蜘蛛的资源现状与捕食能力，对美国白蛾的天敌蜘蛛类群进行了系统的野外种类和优势度调查，并观察其捕食行为，测定其捕食量和捕食功能反应。结果表明：新记录美国白蛾的天敌蜘蛛5种，包括杂黑斑园蛛Araneus variegatus Yaginuma、兴安园蛛Araneus khingan Zhou,Zhu&Zhang、黑革蟹蛛Coriarachne melancholica Simon、波纹花蟹蛛Xysticus croceusFox和卡氏金蝉蛛Phintella cavaleriei Schenkel；蜘蛛类的优势度指数（0.7461）明显高于昆虫天敌的优势度指数（0.2539），表明蜘蛛是沈阳地区美国白蛾的主要捕食性天敌类群，其中三突伊氏蛛Ebrechtella tricuspidata (Fabricius)的优势度指数（0.0694）和重要值（6.69%）均居首位；游猎型蜘蛛主要捕食美国白蛾低龄幼虫，结网型蜘蛛主要捕食其老熟幼虫及成虫，供试的7科16种不同属的蜘蛛的日平均捕食量差异显著； 10种不同属的游猎型蜘蛛对美国白蛾1、2龄幼虫的捕食功能反应均符合Holling Ⅱ型反应，其中鞍形花蟹蛛Xysticus ephippiatus Simon对美国白蛾1、2龄幼虫的理论日最大捕食量最高，分别为50.518头和10.726头，多数游猎型蜘蛛对美国白蛾1龄幼虫的瞬时攻击率更高、猎物处理时间更短、捕食效率更高，宜在美国白蛾发生早期释放此类蜘蛛。本文填补了美国白蛾蜘蛛类天敌资源与控害潜力研究的空白，三突伊氏蛛、鞍形花蟹蛛等种类具有较高的生物防治潜力，为本土天敌蜘蛛的开发与资源化利用提供了理论基础。

关键词: 蜘蛛, 美国白蛾, 捕食性天敌, 捕食功能反应

Abstract: This study aimed to clarify the resource status and predatory capacity of spider natural enemies of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Drury), in Shenyang. A systematic field investigation was carried out to determine the species composition and dominance of spider assemblages that serve as natural enemies of H. cunea. Additionally, laboratory-based observations of predatory behavior and functions were conducted. Five spider species were newly recorded as natural enemies of H. cunea in Shenyang: Araneus variegatus Yaginuma, A. khingan Zhou, Zhu & Zhang, Coriarachne melancholica Simon, Xysticus croceus Fox, and Phintella cavaleriei Schenkel. The dominance index of spiders (0.7461) was significantly higher than that of insect natural enemies (0.2539), demonstrating that spiders constitute the dominant predatory natural enemy assemblage of H. cunea in Shenyang. Among all collected spiders, Ebrechtella tricuspidata (Fabricius) ranked first, with a dominance index of 0.0694 and an importance value of 6.69%. Wandering spiders mainly prey on early-instar larvae of H. cunea, while web-building spiders primarily target late-instar larvae and adults of H. cunea. Significant differences in predation capacity were observed among 16 spider species belonging to 7 families and different genera. The predatory functional responses of 10 wandering spider species (representing different genera) to the 1^st- and 2^nd-instar larvae of H. cunea all fitted to the Holling Type Ⅱ model. Among them, X. ephippiatus Simon exhibited the highest theoretical maximum daily predation amount, with 50.518 the 1^st-instar larvae and 10.726 the 2^nd-instar larvae of H. cunea per day. Most wandering spiders demonstrated a higher instantaneous attack rate, shorter prey handling time, and higher predation efficiency towards the 1^st-instar larvae of H. cunea, suggesting that it is advisable to release spiders during the early stages of H. cunea outbreak. This study fills the research gap concerning spider natural enemy resources and their pest suppression potential against H. cunea. Species such as Ebrechtella tricuspidata and Xysticus ephippiatus have prominent biological control potential. The results provide a theoretical basis for the exploitation and resource utilization of indigenous predatory spiders.

Key words: spider, Hyphantria cunea, predatory natural enemies, predatory functional response

中图分类号:

S763.4

成怡然, 刘兆丰, 李治鑫, 刘绪丹, 赵力平, 孙守慧. 沈阳地区美国白蛾天敌蜘蛛种类与捕食能力[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2026, 42(5): 1064-1075.

CHENG Yiran, LIU Zhaofeng, LI Zhixin, LIU Xudan, ZHAO Liping, SUN Shouhui. Species and Predation Capacity of Natural Enemy Spiders of Hyphantria cunea in Shenyang[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2026, 42(5): 1064-1075.

/ 推荐

参考文献

[1] Zhang X Y, Yang L Y, Chen C, et al. Dynamics of the natural enemy community of Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera:Erebidae) in Dandong, China[J]. Journal of Insect Science, 2023, 23(6):8.
[2] 国家林业和草原局.国家林业和草原局2025年第2号公告:2025年美国白蛾疫区[EB/OL].(2025-03-03)[2026-06-12]. http://www.forestry.gov.cn.
[3] 季荣,谢宝瑜,李欣海,等.外来入侵种--美国白蛾的研究进展[J].昆虫知识, 2003(1):13-18.
[4] 孙守慧,南俊科,杨丽元,等.美国白蛾天敌研究进展[J].环境昆虫学报, 2021, 43(6):1331-1347.
[5] 杨忠岐,王小艺,张翌楠,等.以生物防治为主的综合控制我国重大林木病虫害研究进展[J].中国生物防治学报, 2018, 34(2):163-183.
[6] 宋丽威,杜陈勇,刘白璐,等.白蛾周氏啮小蜂工厂化生产及应用进展[J].中国森林病虫, 2024, 43(1):17-21.
[7] Umarani S, Umamaheswari S. Spiders are of economic value to man[J]. Journal of Entomological Research, 2014, 37(4):365-368.
[8] Riley C V. Our Shade Trees and Their Insect Defoliators[M]. Washington:Government Printing Office, 1887, 5-69.
[9] Tadić M D. Natural enemies of fall-web worms (Hyphantria cunea DR.) in north America[J]. Entomophaga, 1963, 8:245-252.
[10] Morris R F. Predation by insects and spiders inhabiting colonial webs of Hyphantria cunea[J]. The Canadian Entomologist, 1972, 104:1197-1207.
[11] Kayashima I. Study on grass spider as a predator to Hyphantria cunea Drury[J]. Acta Arachnologica, 2007, 24(2):60-72.
[12] 闫家河,刘芹,王文亮,等.美国白蛾发生与防治研究综述[J].山东林业科技, 2015, 45(2):93-106.
[13] Szalay-Marzsó L. Biology and control of the fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea Drury) in the middle-and east European countries[J]. EPPO Bulletin, 1971, 1. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1971.tb02577.x.
[14] 舒超然,于长义.美国白蛾天敌的调查[J].昆虫天敌, 1985(2):91-94, 99.
[15] 岳喜强,张贵民,姜秀芹,等.聊城地区美国白蛾天敌种类调查及寄生性研究[J].山东农业科学, 2016, 48(6):95-98.
[16] 曲花荣,逄焕臣,邵凌松,等.烟台地区几种鳞翅目食叶害虫天敌的研究[J].山东林业科技, 2006(2):44-45.
[17] 乔秀荣.秦皇岛市美国白蛾天敌调查研究[J].中国森林病虫, 2007(3):30-31, 34.
[18] 陈沉,宋丽文,左彤彤,等.沈阳地区美国白蛾的天敌复合体[J].中国生物防治学报, 2020, 36(3):353-360.
[19] Cao M L, Wang Y X, Petrice R T, et al. A checklist of the predators and parasitoids of the fall webworm Hyphantria cunea (Drury)(Lepidoptera, Erebidae) from around the world[J]. ZooKeys,2024,1211(1211):251-348.
[20] Belkair S A, Pasquet A, Capowiez Y, et al. Controlling populations of the codling moth (Cydia pomonella):feasibility and efficacy of releasing two spider species (Cheiracanthium mildei and Clubiona leucaspis) in the winter[J]. BioControl, 2025, 70(4):501-514.
[21] 张俊基,陈志武,陆静,等.蜘蛛耦合抑菌复合剂有效控制水稻病虫害发生的研究[J].井冈山大学学报(自然科学版), 2025, 46(1):58-70.
[22] Kayashima I. Study on spiders (particularly referring to grass-spiders) to prey upon fall-web worms (Hyphantria cunea Drury)[J]. Acta Arachnologica, 1967, 21(1):1-30.
[23] 陈沉,宋丽文,左彤彤,等.蠋蝽对美国白蛾的捕食行为观察和捕食能力评价[J].北京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 44(1):94-102.
[24] 南俊科,宋丽文,左彤彤,等.丽草蛉和异色瓢虫对美国白蛾的捕食作用研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 50(2):161-166.
[25] 李翰扬,党英侨,韩孟娇,等.凹翅宽颚步甲对美国白蛾幼虫的捕食作用[J].中国生物防治学报, 2026, 42(1):164-171.
[26] 顾宇书,张贵学,周志权,等.沈阳地区美国白蛾发生世代及规律的研究[J].林业科技, 2015, 40(1):42-45.
[27] Warren L O, Peck W B, Tadić M. Spiders associated with the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera:Arctiidae)[J]. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 1967, 40(3):382-395.
[28] 强兆雨,李生才.蜘蛛捕食行为的研究[J].山西农业科学, 2007(12):37-39.
[29] 张俊霞,朱明生,宋大祥.肖蛸科蜘蛛的捕食行为[J].蛛形学报, 2002(1):61-64.
[30] 边疆晖,樊乃昌.捕食风险与动物行为及其决策的关系[J].生态学杂志, 1997(1):35-40.