美国白蛾在特拉华州的取食偏好性及天敌招引试验初报

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.01.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea (Drury)是一种国际检疫性害虫，传入我国后迅速扩散成灾并呈扩大蔓延趋势。在我国缺乏有效天敌是美国白蛾种群数量居高不下的一个重要原因。美国白蛾在原产地是一种次要害虫，当地对于其发生情况及天敌种类的文献记载有限且大多年代久远，因此调查其在原产地的发生规律及天敌种类不仅可以补充和丰富生物学特性，还可以为传入地的美国白蛾防控提供借鉴和指导。本研究在调查美国白蛾原产地美国特拉华州发生情况的基础上，测定了该虫在原产地的取食偏好性，随后于不同栖境设立样地，对其天敌种类和控害效果进行了初步探究。结果显示：在美国特拉华州调查的39种植物中，美国白蛾的可取食植物共33种，其中喜食植物25种，分别为洋白蜡Fraxinus pennsylvanica、北美红栎Quercus rubra、插田藨Rubus coreanus、冻绿Rhamnus utilis、豆梨Pyrus calleryana、河桦Betula nigra、黑胡桃Juglans nigra、槲栎Quercus aliena、加拿大紫荆Cercis canadensis、金花忍冬Lonicera chrysantha、金银忍冬Lonicera macckii、毛泡桐Paulownia tomentosa、美国冬青Ilex opaca、美国流苏树Chionanthus virginicus、美国山胡椒Lindera glauca、挪威枫Acer platanoides、欧洲甜樱桃Cerasus avium、槭叶荚蒾Viburnum acerifolium、桑Morus alba、宿萼稠李Prunus perulata、心叶椴Tilia cordata、雪球荚蒾Viburnum plicatum、梁子菜Erechtites hieraciifolius、铁苋菜Acalypha australis、南蛇藤Celastrus orbiculatus，喜食植物种类与在我国的情况有所不同。相对于纯林，混交林中美国白蛾蛹被天敌攻击的时间更长，被攻击的概率更高，招引到的天敌种类也更多；美国特拉华州美国白蛾的主要捕食性天敌是蚂蚁、瓢虫及跳蛛，美国白蛾蛹有被寄蝇寄生的情况。后续将继续调查美国白蛾原产地的天敌昆虫资源，为传入地美国白蛾生物防治技术和产品研发奠定基础。

关键词: 美国白蛾, 原产地, 取食偏好性, 天敌资源, 生物防治

Abstract: The fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), is an international quarantine insect pest. After invasion to China, it rapidly spreads and becomes a major pest, showing an expanding population trend. The absence of effective natural enemies in China has been a key factor for the high population density of the fall webworm. In its native range, the fall webworm is considered a minor pest, and available literature on its occurrence and natural enemies is limited and mostly outdated. Therefore, investigating the occurrence of the pest and its natural enemies in its native range not only enriches our understanding of its biology but also provides valuable insights for managing and controlling the pest in invaded regions. Based on the occurrence investigation conducted in Delaware, USA, the feeding preferences and natural enemies of the fall webworm were further examined in its native range. The results revealed that, among the 39 plant species investigated in Delaware, the fall webworm fed on 33 species, with 25 species being particularly preferred. The species were: Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Quercus rubra, Rubus coreanus, Rhamnus utilis, Pyrus calleryana, Betula nigra, Juglans nigra, Quercus aliena, Cercis canadensis, Lonicera chrysantha, Lonicera macckii, Paulownia tomentosa, Ilex opaca, Chionanthus virginicus, Lindera glauca, Acer platanoides, Cerasus avium, Viburnum acerifolium, Morus alba, Prunus perulata, Tilia cordata, Viburnum plicatum, Erechtites hieraciifolius, Acalypha australis, and Celastrus orbiculatus. The preferred plant species in USA differed from those in China. Compared to the pests in pure forests, the pupae of fall webworm in mixed forests were attacked by more species of natural enemies, for longer durations, and at higher probability. The primary predators of the fall webworm in its native range were ants, ladybugs, and jumping spiders, while its pupae were parasitized by parasitic flies. In the future, continue survey of the parasitoid species in the native range is needed, which may provide technology and products for biological control of the pest in the invaded areas.

Key words: Hyphantria cunea, native range, feeding preferences, natural enemy resources, biological control

中图分类号:

S476

李翰扬, 党英侨, 曹亮明, 王小艺. 美国白蛾在特拉华州的取食偏好性及天敌招引试验初报[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2025, 41(5): 998-1007.

LI Hanyang, DANG Yingqiao, CAO Liangming, WANG Xiaoyi. Preliminary Studies on Feeding Preference and Natural Enemy Attraction of Fall Webworm from Delaware[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2025, 41(5): 998-1007.

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