白蜡窄吉丁(鞘翅目:吉丁甲科)的生物防治研究进展

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2015.05.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 白蜡窄吉丁Agrilus planipennis Faimaire原分布在东北亚国家,包括俄罗斯远东地区,在原产地由于为害不重而受关注度不高,因此没有被列入世界各国危险性有害生物监测重点名单之中。但自21世纪初其传入美国和加拿大之后,已造成重大灾害,成为迄今为止北美地区危害性最大和造成经济损失最为严重的外来入侵森林害虫。由于该害虫的高度隐蔽性,在传入地的早期检测非常困难,发现该虫的地点往往其种群已经定殖多年,因此根除策略难以奏效。美国在白蜡窄吉丁入侵初期进行的根除策略失败后迅速启动了生物防治计划。通过国际合作研究,美国从中国引进了3种寄生性天敌:白蜡吉丁柄腹茧蜂Spathius agrili Yang、白蜡吉丁啮小蜂Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang和白蜡吉丁卵跳小蜂Oobius agrili Zhang & Huang,经大量人工繁殖后在林间进行了释放,现已在当地成功建立了天敌种群,开始发挥越来越重要的控制作用。本文对最近10多年来白蜡窄吉丁生物防治方面的研究进展进行了回顾和简要综述,希望对我国同类蛀干害虫的研究工作有所启示。

关键词: 白蜡窄吉丁, 检疫性害虫, 生物防治

Abstract: The emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is native to northeast Asian countries, including Russian Far East. It has not been paid much attention previously as an unimportant pest in its native range. Thus, it is not on the high-risk watch lists of any country in the world. But it has caused serious damage both to forests and ecological landscapes, as well as huge economic losses since it invaded the USA and Canada at the early 21st century, and has since then become the most destructive invasive forest insect pest to North America. As a highly concealed wood-boring pest, the early detection is difficult in local habitats. Usually the pest population has established for some years when it is discovered in certain site so that the eradication strategy is almost impossible. A classical biological control program has been implemented immediately in the USA after the confirmation of the emerald ash borer as an exotic species from Asia. Three parasitic insect natural enemies, Spathius agrili Yang (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Oobius agrili Zhang & Huang (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), have been imported into the USA from China, through an international cooperative study. The populations of the three parasitoid species have already established successfully after release in the field in USA, and played increasingly important roles in suppression of the emerald ash borer. In this paper we reviewed the biological control progress of the emerald ash borer in over decade recently in order to provide some useful implications for similar studies in our country.

Key words: Agrilus planipennis (emerald ash borer), quarantine insect pest, biological control

中图分类号:

王小艺, 杨忠岐, Juli R. Gould, 魏可. 白蜡窄吉丁(鞘翅目:吉丁甲科)的生物防治研究进展[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2015, 31(5): 666-678.

WANG Xiaoyi, YANG Zhongqi, JULI R. Gould, WEI Ke. Biological Control Progress of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)[J]. journal1, 2015, 31(5): 666-678.

参考文献

[1] Bellamy C L. A world catalogue and bibliography of the jewel beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea): Agrilinae: Agrilina through Trachyini[M]. Sofia-Moscow: Pensoft Publishers, 2008: 2238-2239.
[2] Jendek E, Grebennikov V. Agrilus (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) of East Asia[M]. Prague: Jan Farkač, 2011, 153-155.
[3] Cipollini D. White fringetree as a novel larval host for the emerald ash borer[J]. Journal of Economic Entomology, 2015, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/tou026.
[4] Haack R A, Jendek E, Liu H P, et al. The emerald ash borer: a new exotic pest in North America[J]. Newsletter of the Michigan Entomological Society, 2002, 47(3-4): 1-5.
[5] Orlova-Bienkowskaja M J. Dramatic expansion of the range of the invasive ash pest, buprestid beetle Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888 (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) in European Russia[J]. Entomological Review, 2013, 93(9): 1121-1128.
[6] Liu H P, Bauer L S, Gao R T, et al. Exploratory survey for the emerald ash borer, Agrilius planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), and its natural enemies in China[J]. The Great Lakes Entomologist, 2003, 36(3-4): 191-204.
[7] 赵同海, 高瑞桐, Liu H, 等. 花曲柳窄吉丁的寄主植物范围、危害和防治对策[J]. 昆虫学报, 2005, 48(4): 594-599.
[8] 刘桂军, 刘恩山. 花曲柳窄吉丁生活史及天敌的观察和防治[J]. 天津农林科技, 2004, (2): 20-21.
[9] Mota-Sanchez D, Cregg B M, McCullough D G, et al. Distribution of trunk-injected 14C-imidacloprid in ash trees and effects on emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) adults[J]. Crop Protection, 2009, 28(8): 655-661.
[10] Grimalt S, Thompson D, Chartrand D, et al. Foliar residue dynamics of azadirachtins following direct stem injection into white and green ash trees for control of emerald ash borer[J]. Pest Management Science, 2011, 67(10): 1277-1284.
[11] 赵同海, 赵文霞, 高瑞桐, 等. 外来树种对本地林业虫害的诱发作用[J]. 昆虫学报, 2007, 50(8): 826-833.
[12] Kovacs K F, Haight R G, McCullough D G, et al. Cost of potential emerald ash borer damage in U.S. communities, 2009-2019[J]. Ecological Economics, 2010, 69(3): 569-578.
[13] 刘义果. 沈阳地区花曲柳吉丁虫的研究 (内部资料). 沈阳: 沈阳市园林科学研究所, 1966, 1-16.
[14] 于诚铭. 花曲柳窄吉丁//萧刚柔编. 中国森林昆虫(第二版)[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 1992, 400-401.
[15] 杨忠岐. 利用天敌昆虫控制我国重大林木害虫研究进展[J]. 中国生物防治, 2004, 20(4): 221-227.
[16] 张良玉, 陈周羡, 杨国栋, 等. 绒毛白蜡窄吉丁虫防治技术的研究[J]. 园林科技通讯, 1995, (4): 1-7.
[17] 潘志刚, 游应天. 中国主要外来树种引种栽培[M]. 北京: 北京科学技术出版社, 1994, 632-643.
[18] USDA-APHIS. Emerald ash borer. Available online at: http://www.emeraldashborer.info/#sthash.TE9oorqv.dpbs.
[19] Baranchikov Y, Mozolevskaya E, Yurchenko G, et al. Occurrence of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis in Russia and its potential impact on European forestry[J]. EPPO Bulletin, 2008, 38(2): 233-238.
[20] Izhevskii S S, Mozolevskaya E G. Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire in Moscow ash trees[J]. Russian Journal of Biological Invasions, 2010, 1(3): 153-155.
[21] Orlova-Bienkowskaja M J. Ashes in Europe are in danger: the invasive range of Agrilus planipennis in European Russia is expanding[J]. Biological Invasions, 2014, 16(7): 1345-1349.
[22] Government Accountability Office (GAO). Invasive forest pests: Lessons learned from three recent infestations may aid in managing future efforts. Rep. US GAO, GAO-06–353, http://www.gao.gov/assets/ 250/249776.pdf.
[23] Hausman C E, Jaeger J F, Rocha O J. Impacts of the emerald ash borer (EAB) eradication and tree mortality: potential for a secondary spread of invasive plant species[J]. Biological Invasions, 2010, 12(7): 2013-2023.
[24] 王小艺. 白蜡窄吉丁的生物学及其生物防治研究[D]. 北京: 中国林业科学研究院, 2005: 3-30.
[25] 王小艺, 杨忠岐, 刘桂军, 等. 白蜡窄吉丁幼虫的龄数和龄期测定[J]. 林业科学, 2005, 41(3): 97-102.
[26] Wang X, Yang Z, Gould J R, et al. The biology and ecology of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in China[J]. Journal of Insect Science, 2010, 10(1): 128.
[27] 王小艺, 杨忠岐. 白蜡窄吉丁幼虫及其天敌在空间格局上的关系[J]. 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(8): 1427-1431.
[28] Yang Z, Strazanac J S, Yao Y, et al. A new species of emerald ash borer parasitoid from China belonging to the genus Tetrastichus Haliday (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)[J]. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 2006, 108(3): 550-558.
[29] Yang Z, Strazanac J S, Marsh P M, et al. First recorded parasitoid from China of Agrilus planipennis: A new species of Spathius (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae)[J]. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 2005, 98(5): 636-642.
[30] Zhang Y, Huang D, Zhao T, et al. Two new species of egg parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) of wood-boring beetle pests from China[J]. Phytoparasitica, 2005, 33(3): 253-260.
[31] Yang Z, Wang X, Yao Y, et al. A new species of Sclerodermus (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) parasitizing Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from China, with a key to Chinese species in the genus[J]. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 2012, 105(5): 619-627.
[32] Belokobylskij S A, Yurchenko G I, Strazanac J S, et al. A new emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) parasitoid species of Spathius Nees (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae) from the Russian Far East and South Korea[J]. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 2012, 105(2): 165-178.
[33] European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. PM 9/14 (1) Agrilus planipennis: procedures for official control[J]. EPPO Bulletin, 2013, 43(3): 499-509.
[34] Hooie N A, Wigginsa G J, Lambdina P L, et al. Native parasitoids and recovery of Spathius agrili from areas of release against emerald ash borer in eastern Tennessee, USA[J]. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 2015, 25(3): 345-351.
[35] Duan J J, Taylor P B, Fuester R W, et al. Hymenopteran parasitoids attacking the invasive emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in western and central Pennsylvania[J]. Florida Entomologist, 2013, 96(1): 166-172.
[36] Orlova-Bienkowskaja M J, Belokobylskij S A. Discovery of the first European parasitoid of the emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)[J]. European Journal of Entomology, 2014, 111(4): 594-596.
[37] Marsh P M, Strazanac J S, Laurusonis S Y. Description of a new species of Atanycolus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Michigan reared from the emerald ash borer[J]. Great Lakes Entomologist, 2009, 42(1-2): 8-15.
[38] Duan J J, Yurchenko G, Fuester R W. Occurrence of emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) and biotic factors affecting its immature stages in the Russian Far East[J]. Environmental Entomology, 2012, 41(2): 245-254.
[39] Duan J J, Oppel C B. Critical rearing parameters of Tetrastichus planipennisi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) as affected by host-plant substrate and host-parasitoid group structure[J]. Journal of Economic Entomology, 2012, 105(3): 792-801.
[40] Bauer L S, Liu H P, Haack R A, et al. Natural enemies of emerald ash borer in southeastern Michigan//Emerald Ash Borer Research and Technology Development Meeting[C]. Port Huron, MI, 2003, 33-34.
[41] Duan J J, Fuester R W, Wildonger J, et al. Parasitoids attacking the emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in western Pennsylvania[J]. Florida Entomologist, 2009, 92(4): 588-592.
[42] Wang X, Cao L, Yang Z, et al. Natural enemies of emerald ash borer in northeast China, with notes on two species of parasitic coleopteran[J]. The Canadian Entomologist, 2015, 147: (in press).
[43] Lindell C A, McCullough D G, Cappaert D, et al. Factors influencing woodpecker predation on emerald ash borer[J]. American Midland Naturalist, 2008, 159(12): 434-444.
[44] Jennings D E, Gould J R, Vandenberg J D, et al. Quantifying the impact of woodpecker predation on population dynamics of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis)[J]. PLoS ONE, 2013, 8(12): e83491.
[45] Koenig W D, Liebhold A M, Bonter D N, et al. Effects of the emerald ash borer invasion on four species of birds[J]. Biological Invasions, 2013, 15(9): 2095-2103.
[46] Gould J R, Ayer T, Fraser I. Effects of rearing conditions on reproduction of Spathius agrili (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of the emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)[J]. Journal of Economic Entomology, 2011, 104(2): 379-387.
[47] Yang Z, Wang X, Gould J R, et al. Biology and behavior of Spathius agrili, a parasitoid of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis, in China[J]. Journal of Insect Science, 2010, 10(1): 30.
[48] Yang Z, Wang X, Gould J R, et al. Host specificity of Spathius agrili Yang (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an important parasitoid of the emerald ash borer[J]. Biological Control, 2008, 47(2): 216-221.
[49] Ulyshen M D, Duan J J, Bauer L S, et al. Field-cage methodology for evaluating climatic suitability for introduced wood-borer parasitoids: preliminary results from the emerald ash borer system[J]. Journal of Insect Science, 2011, 11(1): 141.
[50] USDA-APHIS. The proposed release of three parasitoids for the biological control of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) in the continental United States: environmental assessment[J]. Federal Register, 72: 28947-28948.
[51] Bauer L S, Liu H, Miller D, et al. Developing a classical biological control program for Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), an invasive ash pest in North America[J]. Newsletter of the Michigan Entomological Society, 2008, 53(3-4): 38-39.
[52] Herms D A, McCullough D G. Emerald ash borer invasion of North America: history, biology, ecology, impacts, and management[J]. Annual Review of Entomology, 2014, 59: 13-30.
[53] Bauer L S, Duan J J, Gould J R, et al. Progress in the classical biological control of Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in North America[J]. The Canadian Entomologist, 2015, 147: 300-317.
[54] Gould J R, Duan J J. Petition for release of an exotic parasitoid, Spathius galinae Belokobylskij & Strazanac, for the biological control of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire. United States Department of Agriculture, APHIS Petition, 2013, 1.
[55] Duan J J, Watt T J, Larson K. Biology, life history, and laboratory rearing of Spathius galinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a larval parasitoid of the invasive emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)[J]. Journal of Economic Entomology, 2014, 107(3): 939-946.
[56] Watt T J, Duan J J. Influence of host age on critical fitness parameters of Spathius galinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a new parasitoid of the emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)[J]. Journal of Economic Entomology, 2014, 107(4): 1320-1329.
[57] Abell K J, Duan J J, Bauer L S, et al. The effect of bark thickness on host partitioning between Tetrastichus planipennisi (Hymen: Eulophidae) and Atanycolus spp. (Hymen: Braconidae), two parasitoids of emerald ash borer (Coleop: Buprestidae)[J]. Biological Control, 2012, 63(3): 320-325.
[58] Liu H, Bauer L S, Miller D L, et al. Seaonal abundance of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) and its natural enemies Oobius agrili (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and Tetrastichus planipennisi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in China [J]. Biological Control, 2007, 42(1): 61-71.
[59] Duan J J, Bauer L S, Ulyshen M D, et al. Development of methods for the field evaluation of Oobius agrili (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in North America, a newly introduced egg parasitoid of the emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)[J]. Biological Control, 2011, 56(2): 170-174.
[60] Duan J J, Jennings D E, Williams D C, et al. Patterns of parasitoid host utilization and development across a range of temperatures: implications for biological control of an invasive forest pest[J]. BioControl, 2014, 59(6): 659-669.
[61] Jennings D E, Duan J J, Larson K M, et al. Evaluating a new method for monitoring the field establishment and parasitism of Oobius agrili (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), an egg parasitoid of emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) [J]. Florida Entomologist, 2014, 97(3): 1263-1265.
[62] Duan J J, Oppel C B, Ulyshen M D, et al. Biology and life history of Tetrastichus planipennisi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a larval endoparasitoid of the emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)[J]. Florida Entomologist, 2011, 94(4): 933-940.
[63] Ulyshen M D, Duan J J, Bauer L S, et al. Suitability and accessibility of immature Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) stages to Tetrastichus planipennisi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)[J]. Journal of Economic Entomology, 2010, 103(4): 1080-1085.
[64] 王小艺, 杨忠岐, 武辉, 等. 白蜡吉丁柄腹茧蜂的寄生和繁殖生物学[J]. 昆虫学报, 2007, 50(9): 920-926.
[65] 王小艺, 杨忠岐, 刘桂军, 等. 白蜡吉丁柄腹茧蜂的羽化和产卵与寄主之间的关系[J]. 生态学报, 2006, 26(4): 1103-1109.
[66] Wang X, Yang Z, Wu H, et al. Effects of host size on the sex ratio, clutch size and size of adult Spathius agrili, an ectoparasitoid of emerald ash borer[J]. Biological Control, 2008, 44(1): 7-12.
[67] Wang X, Yang Z, Gould J R, et al. Host-seeking behavior and parasitism by Spathius agrili Yang (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of the emerald ash borer[J]. Biological Control, 2010, 52(1): 24-29.
[68] Wang X, Yang Z, Gould J R. Sensilla of wasp Spathius agrili Yang (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on the antennae, tarsi and ovipositor[J]. Microscopy Research and Technique, 2010, 73(5): 560-571.
[69] Ulyshen M D, Duan J J, Bauer L S. Interactions between Spathius agrili (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Tetrastichus planipennisi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), larval parasitoids of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)[J]. Biological Control, 2010, 52(2): 188-193.
[70] Yang S, Duan J J, Lelito J, et al. Multiparasitism by Tetrastichus planipennisi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Spathius agrili (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): implication for biological control of the emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)[J]. Biological Control, 2013, 65(1): 118-123.
[71] Yang S, Duan J J, Watt T, et al. Responses of an idiobiont ectoparasitoid, Spathius galinae (Hymen.: Braconidae), to host larvae parasitized by the koinobiont endoparasitoid Tetrastichus planipennisi (Hymen.: Eulophidae): implications for biological control of emerald ash borer (Coleop.: Buprestidae)[J]. Environmental Entomology, 2012, 41(4): 925-932.
[72] Wang X, Jennings D E, Duan J J. Trade-offs in parasitism efficiency and brood size mediate parasitoid coexistence, with implications for biological control of the invasive emerald ash borer[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2015, 52: (Accepted, in press).
[73] 武辉, 李孟楼, 杨忠岐, 等. 白蜡窄吉丁及其寄生性天敌的耐寒性[J]. 中国生物防治, 2007, 23(2): 119-122.
[74] Hanson A A, Venette R C, Lelito J P. Cold tolerance of Chinese emerald ash borer parasitoids: Spathius agrili Yang (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), and Oobius agrili Zhang and Huang (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)[J]. Biological Control, 2013, 67(3): 516-529.
[75] Gould J R, Bauer L S, Lelito J, et al. Emerald ash borer biological control release and recovery guidelines[M]. Riverdale, MD: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, 2013, 43.
[76] Duan J J, Ulyshen M D, Bauer L S, et al. Measuring the impact of biotic factors on populations of immature emerald ash borers (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)[J]. Environmental Entomology, 2010, 39(5): 1513-1522.
[77] Duan J J, Bauer L S, Abell K J, et al. Establishment and abundance of Tetrastichus planipennisi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in Michigan: potential for success in classical biocontrol of the invasive emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)[J]. Journal of Economic Entomology, 2013, 106(3): 1145-1154.
[78] Duan J J, Abell K J, Bauer L S, et al. Natural enemies implicated in the regulation of an invasive pest: a life table analysis of the population dynamics of the emerald ash borer[J]. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 2014, 16(4): 406-416.
[79] Abell K J, Bauer L S, Duan J J, et al. Long-term monitoring of the introduced emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) egg parasitoid, Oobius agrili (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), in Michigan, USA and evaluation of a newly developed monitoring technique[J]. Biological Control, 2014, 79: 36-42.
[80] Cappaert D, McCullough D G. Occurrence and seasonal abundance of Atanycolus cappaerti (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a native parasitoid of emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)[J]. Great Lakes Entomologist, 2009, 42(1-2): 16-29.
[81] Cappaert D, McCullough D G. Phenology of Atanycolus cappaerti (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a native parasitoid of emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)[J]. Great Lakes Entomologist, 2010, 41: 141-154.
[82] Duan J J, Bauer L S, Abell K J, et al. Population dynamics of an invasive forest insect and associated natural enemies in the aftermath of invasion: implications for biological control[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2015, 52: (Accepted, in press).
[83] Gould J R, Ayer T, Fraser I. Effects of rearing conditions on reproduction of Spathius agrili (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of the emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)[J]. Journal of Economic Entomology, 2011, 104(2): 379-387.
[84] Bauer L S, Gould J R, Duan J J. Biological control of the emerald ash borer//http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/ disturbance/invasive_species/eab/ control_management/biological_control/2014.
[85] Lyons D B. Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)//Mason P G, Gillespie D R, eds. Biological Control Programmes in Canada 2001-2012[C], Oxfordshire: CABI Press, 2013, 62-72.
[86] Moraal L G. Biological control of splendor ash beetle Agrilus planipennis. Alterra-rapport-Wageningen University and Research Centre, 2011, (2188): 54.
[87] Flower C E, Long L C, Knight K S, et al. Native bark-foraging birds preferentially forage in infected ash (Fraxinus spp.) and prove effective predators of the invasive emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire)[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2014, 313: 300-306.
[88] 孙龙强. 白蜡窄吉丁病原真菌调查与分离研究[D]. 北京: 中国林业科学研究院, 2006.
[89] Johny S, Kyei-Poku G, Gauthier D, et al. Characterization and virulence of Beauveria spp. recovered from emerald ash borer in southwestern Ontario, Canada[J]. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2012, 111(1): 41-49.
[90] Johny S, Kyei-Poku G, Gauthier D, et al. Isolation and characterisation of Isaria farinosa and Purpureocillium lilacinum associated with emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis in Canada[J]. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 2012, 22(6): 723-732.
[91] Liu H, Bauer L S. Susceptibility of Agrilius planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) to Beauveria bassiana and Mmtarhizium anisopliae[J]. Journal of Economic Entomology, 2006, 99(4): 1096-1103.
[92] Liu H, Bauer L S. Microbial control of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) with Beauveria bassiana strain GHA: field applications[J]. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 2008, 18(6): 571-585.
[93] Liu H, Bauer L S. Microbial control of emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) with Beauveria bassiana strain GHA: greenhouse and field trials[J]. Biological Control, 2008, 45(1): 124-132.
[94] Castrillo L A, Griggs M H, Vandenberg J D. Quantitative detection of Beauveria bassiana GHA (Ascomycota: Hypocreales), a potential microbial control agent of the emerald ash borer, by use of real-time PCR[J]. Biological Control, 2008, 45(1): 163-169.
[95] Kyei-Poku G, Johny S. Evaluation of indigenous Beauveria isolates as potential agents for emerald ash borer management and the development of a diagnostic marker to monitor a post-release isolate[J]. IOBC/WPRS Bulletin, 2013, 90: 119-124.
[96] Castrillo L A, Griggs M H, Liu H, et al. Assessing deposition and persisitence of Beauveria bassiana GHA (Ascomycota: Hypocreates) applied for control of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), in a commercial tree nursery[J]. Biological Control, 2010, 54(1): 61-67.
[97] Dean K M, Vandenberg J D, Griggs M H, et al. Susceptibility of two hymenopteran parasitoids of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) to the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales)[J]. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2012, 109(3): 303-306.