田间常用杀虫剂对中红侧沟茧蜂安全性试验

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.07.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 选择田间常用的7种药剂： 4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油、25 g/L高效氯氟氰菊酯乳油、1.8%阿维菌素乳油、35%氯虫苯甲酰胺水分散粒剂、10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂、25%灭幼脲悬浮剂、22.4%螺虫乙酯悬浮剂，在室内分别测定中红侧沟茧蜂对几种药剂的敏感性。试验结果表明： 1、药物浸泡蜂茧试验，从蜂茧的羽化率来看，高效氯氰菊酯250倍液处理的羽化率最低，仅为3.33%；高效氯氰菊酯1000倍液处理和高效氯氟氰菊酯三个处理羽化率较低，为63.70%～75.19%；其余处理与对照没有显著差异；从寿命来看，成虫寿命以高效氯氟氰菊酯125倍液处理最短，仅为2.58 d（雌）和1.22 d（雄）；其次为高效氯氟氰菊酯250倍液和500倍液处理，寿命仅为3.30～5.33 d；其余药剂处理，成虫平均寿命与对照没有显著差异； 2、药膜法测定成虫对药剂的敏感性试验，中红侧沟茧蜂对高效氯氰菊酯和高效氯氟氰菊酯两种杀虫剂极为敏感，1 h死亡率即达80.00%～100.00%，对其余几种药剂的敏感性较低，其中氯虫苯甲酰胺、吡虫啉、灭幼脲处理1 d的死亡率为26.67%～33.33%；处理2 d的死亡率灭幼脲最低，为66.67%，其次是吡虫啉和氯虫苯甲酰胺70.00%；处理3 d，除了氯虫苯甲酰胺和CK外，其余各处理死亡率均为100.00%； 3、用浸苗法测定成虫对药剂的敏感性，高效氯氰菊酯处理1 d死亡率即达66.67%，最为敏感；处理2 d高效氯氰菊酯死亡率80.00%，高效氯氟氰菊酯处理死亡率86.67%； 4、低浓度药剂应用药膜法的试验中，中红侧沟茧蜂对菊酯类药物最为敏感，处理6 h死亡率在23.70%～80.00%；而其余药剂处理6 h死亡率最高也不会超过20.00%；药剂处理2 d后，菊酯类药剂死亡率72.96%～96.67%，其余药剂处理死亡率37.78%～76.67%；其中吡虫啉安全性最高。综合来看，中红侧沟茧蜂对菊酯类药剂更为敏感，高效氯氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯处理后几小时既有较高的死亡率。其余药剂的毒性略低。总体来看，中红侧沟茧蜂对化学药剂的敏感性较高，浓度降低后最终还会导致中红侧沟茧蜂死亡。因此，田间应用天敌昆虫时，应尽量避免化学药剂的应用。

关键词: 中红侧沟茧蜂, 杀虫剂, 安全性

Abstract: Seven insecticides commonly used in fields, beta-cypermethrin, lambda- cyhalothrin, avermectin, chlorantraniliprole, imidacloprid, chlorbenzuron, and spiromethyl, were tested in laboratory for their safety to Microplitis mediator. The results showed that, when the wasp cocoons were immersed in insecticides solutions, the Beta-cypermethrin 250× solution resulted in the lowest emergence rate of 3.33%, the beta-cypermethrin 1000× solution and the lambda-cyhalothrin at three concentrations reduced emergence to 63.70%―75.19%, while the other treatments showed emergence rate not different significantly from CK. Adult longevity was affected differently by the pesticides, the lambda- cyhalothrin 125× solution caused the shortest longevity of 2.58 d for females and 1.22 d for males, followed by the Lambda- cyhalothrin 250× and 500× solutions, with longevity of 3.30―5.33 days, and in the other treatments, the longevity was not different significantly from the CK. When tested with membrane method, M. mediator adults were extremely sensitive to beta-cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin as indicated by the mortality of 80.00%―100.00% at 1 h post treatment. M. mediator adults were less sensitive to the other insecticides, with mortality of 26.67%―33.33% at 1 d post treatment by chlorantraniliprole, imidacloprid, and chlorbenzuron, mortality of 66.67% and 70.00% at 2 d post treatment by chlorbenzuron andby imidacloprid and chlorantraniliprole, respectively. and mortality of 100.00% at 3 d post treatment of all the pesticides except chlorantraniliprole and CK. Further, the sensitivity of adults to insecticides was tested by seedling immerse method. At 1 d post treatment, the wasp adults were most sensitive to beta-cypermethrin, as shown by the mortality of 66.67%; at 2 d post treatment, the mortality from beta-cypermethrin and lambda- cyhalothrin treatments was 80.00% and 86.67%, respectively. When tested using the insecticides membrane method at lower concentrations, M. mediator adults were most sensitive to beta-cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin. At 6 h post treatment, the mortality from these two pesticides was 23.70-80.00%, and from the other insecticides, below 20.00%. At 2 d post treatment, the mortality from Beta-cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin was 72.96% to 96.67%, and that from the other insecticides was 37.78%―76.67%. Among the insecticides, imidacloprid was of the highest safety. Generally, M. mediator adults are more sensitive to beta-cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin, even at several hours post treatment, while the other insecticides are of lower toxicity. But in general, M. mediator adults are sensitive to insecticides; even at low concentrations, they will finally die. So, during release of natural enemies, insecticides should not be used.

Key words: Microplitis mediator, insecticides, safety

中图分类号:

S476.3

牛一平, 杨小凡, 李敏, 马爱红, 冉红凡, 李建成, 赵少波. 田间常用杀虫剂对中红侧沟茧蜂安全性试验[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2025, 41(6): 1307-1316.

NIU Yiping, YANG Xiaofan, LI Min, MA Aihong, RAN Hongfan, LI Jiancheng, ZHAO Shaobo. Safety of Insecticides Commonly Used in Fields to Microplitis mediator[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2025, 41(6): 1307-1316.

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