交链格孢JM的生物学特性及其对播娘蒿的除草潜力

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.054

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究从山东省青岛市即墨区麦田采集自然感病的播娘蒿上分离致病菌株JM，经形态学特征和endoPG、β-tubulin基因序列分析将其鉴定为交链格孢Alternaria alternata。菌株JM在多种培养基上均能生长，25℃时菌丝生长最快，外加可溶性淀粉和牛肉浸膏可显著促进其菌丝生长。稻谷发酵培养基是菌株JM产孢的最佳培养基，25℃连续黑暗培养利于产孢。菌株JM接种离体播娘蒿叶片3 d后出现褐色病斑。盆栽试验结果表明，施用1×10⁶孢子/mL JM孢子悬浮液7 d后，播娘蒿发病率达到60.8%，病情指数43.2，鲜重防效为43.0%。安全性评价结果表明，菌株JM对小麦、油菜等常见作物安全，具有开发为播娘蒿生防制剂的潜力。

关键词: 播娘蒿, 交链格孢, 生物学特性, 致病性, 安全性

Abstract: This research isolated a pathogenic strain designated as JM from Descurainia sophia plants that were naturally infected in wheat fields in the Jimo District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province. The strain was identified as Alternaria alternata based on morphological characteristics combined with sequence analysis of the endoPG/β-tubulin genes. Strain JM demonstrated robust growth across multiple culture media, with optimal mycelial growth observed at a temperature of 25 ℃ . The addition of soluble starch and beef extract significantly promoted the mycelial growth of strain JM. The rice grain fermentation medium was proved to be optimal for sporulation, with continuous dark incubation at 25 ℃ enhancing spore production. Inoculation experiments resulted in the formation of brown necrotic lesions on detached D. sophia leaves within three days. Pot experiments indicated that the application of JM spore suspension (1×10⁶ spores/mL) led to a disease incidence of 60.8%, a disease index of 43.2, and a control efficacy of 43.0% on fresh weight against D. sophia after seven days. Safety evaluations showed that the strain JM was safe to wheat, oilseed rape, and other common crops, suggesting its potential as a bioherbicide candidate for the control of D. sophia.

Key words: Descurainia sophia, Alternaria alternata, biological characteristics, pathogenicity, security

中图分类号:

S476

孙希玉, 姜波, 吕庆浩, 刘国平, 白霜, 李凌绪. 交链格孢JM的生物学特性及其对播娘蒿的除草潜力[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2025, 41(5): 1231-1240.

SUN Xiyu, JIANG Bo, LYU Qinghao, LIU Guoping, BAI Shuang, LI Lingxu. Biological Characteristics of Alternaria alternata JM and Its Controlling Effect on Descurainia sophia[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2025, 41(5): 1231-1240.

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