新疆杨防护林和林下主要杂草蚜虫及其对天敌的蓄养作用

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2026.01.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为更好地了解新疆杨Populus alba var.pyramidalis防护林带及林下杂草对天敌昆虫的蓄养作用，本研究对沙雅县新疆杨防护林分别做了除草和不除草处理，并对新疆杨和林下芦苇Phragmites australis、戟叶鹅绒藤Cynanchum acutum、苦马豆Sphaerophysa salsula、乳苣Lactuca tatarica和大蓟Cirsium japonicum等5种主要杂草上蚜虫和天敌昆虫种群动态进行了定期调查。结果表明，有杂草防护林带和无杂草防护林带中新疆杨上的蚜虫种群密度分别为158.64和60.00头/株。林下5种杂草中蚜虫种群密度大小为：芦苇（12.76头/株）＞戟叶鹅绒藤（11.09头/株）＞苦马豆（0.38头/株）＞乳苣（0.09头/株）＞大蓟（0.02头/株）。有杂草防护林带中新疆杨上菱斑巧瓢虫Oenopia conglobata、草蛉和食蚜蝇种群密度分别为0.20、0.27和0.01头/株，无杂草防护林带中新疆杨上菱斑巧瓢虫、草蛉和食蚜蝇种群密度分别为0.10、0.11和0.02头/株。5种林下杂草均对捕食性瓢虫和草蛉具有一定的蓄养作用，芦苇对食蚜蝇具有一定的蓄养作用。新疆杨防护林中草蛉在种群密度上最具优势。林下杂草对防护林中的昆虫种类、种群动态和种群密度均具有重要影响。生物多样性方面，有杂草防护林带优于无杂草防护林带。防护林带中新疆杨和林下杂草上的蚜虫在一定程度上保育了天敌昆虫，建议在新疆杨防护林管理工作中非必要不清除林下杂草或有选择地清除杂草，利用新疆杨防护林和林下杂草蓄养天敌昆虫。

关键词: 新疆杨, 防护林, 捕食性天敌, 种群动态

Abstract: This study aims to understand the aphids on Populus alba var. pyramidalis shelterbelts and understory weeds and their conservation effects on natural enemies. With the P. alba var. pyramidalis shelterbelts in Shaya County weeded or not, the population dynamics of aphids and natural enemy insects on 5 species of weeds, including Phragmites australis, Cynanchum acutum, Sphaerophysa salsula, Lactuca tatarica, and Cirsium japonicum, were surveyed regularly. The results showed that the aphid densities on P. alba var. pyramidalis shelterbelts with weeds and without weeds were 158.64 and 60.00 per plant, respectively. The aphid densities on the 5 species of weeds on the understory ranked as: P. australis (12.76 per plant)>C. acutum (11.09 per plant)>S. salsula (0.38 per plant)>L. tatarica (0.09 per plant)>C. japonicum (0.02 per plant). The population densities of Oenopia conglobata, Chrysopidae and Syrphidae on P. alba var. Pyramidalis shelterbelts with weeds were 0.20, 0.27 and 0.01 per plant, respectively, while on shelterbelts without weeds, the population densities were 0.10, 0.11 and 0.02 per plant, respectively. The 5 species of understory weeds had a certain conservation effect on predatory Coccinellidae and Chrysopidae, and the P. australis had some conservation effect on Syrphidae. Chrysopidae was the most dominant in the P. alba var. pyramidalis shelterbelts. Understory weeds had an important impact on the species, population dynamics and population densities of insects in shelterbelts. In terms of biodiversity, shelterbelts with weeds were better than shelterbelts without weeds. The aphids in the shelterbelts have conserved natural enemy insects to a certain extent, so it is recommended that the understory weeds not be removed unless necessary or be weeded selectively in the management of P. alba var. pyramidalis shelterbelts to conserve natural enemy insects.

Key words: Populus alba var. pyramidalis Bunge, shelterbelts, predatory natural enemy, population dynamic

中图分类号:

S476.2

闫高强, 程化东, 郭小虎, 张泂然, 阿依孜帕尔·吐尔逊, 陆宴辉, 马德英, 帕提玛·乌木尔汗. 新疆杨防护林和林下主要杂草蚜虫及其对天敌的蓄养作用[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2026, 42(1): 218-226.

YAN Gaoqiang, CHENG Huadong, GUO Xiaohu, ZHANG Jiongran, TURSUN·Ayzapar, LU Yanhui, MA Deying, WUMUERHAN·Patima. The Aphids on Populus alba var. pyramidalis Shelterbelts and Main Understory Weeds and their Conservation Effects on Natural Enemies[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2026, 42(1): 218-226.

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