百里香提取物对棉花立枯丝核菌抑菌活性研究

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2026.02.047

中国生物防治学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 958-968.DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2026.02.047

• 研究论文 • 上一篇

百里香提取物对棉花立枯丝核菌抑菌活性研究

王鹏程^1,2, 龚静云², 梁晶², 周小云², 胡林峰², 宁锐敏^2,3, 颜彬^2,3, 雷斌², 张一弓¹

1. 新疆大学生命科学与技术学院, 乌鲁木齐 830046;
2. 新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830091;
3. 新疆农业大学农学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2025-04-22 发布日期:2026-08-26
通讯作者: 雷斌，博士，研究员，E-mail:leib668@xaas.ac.cn;张一弓，博士，教授，zhangyg@xju.edu.cn。
作者简介:王鹏程，男，研究生，E-mail:wpc13046409815@163.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区自然基金重点项目(2022D01D44);新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院科技创新稳定支持项目(xjnkywdzc-2024003-70);新疆维吾尔自治区“天池英才”引进计划

Antifungal Activity of Thyme Extract on Cotton Rhizoctonia solani

WANG Pengcheng^1,2, GONG Jingyun², LIANG Jing², ZHOU Xiaoyun², HU Linfeng², NING Ruiming^2,3, YAN Bin^2,3, LEI Bin², ZHANG Yigong¹

1. College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China;
2. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China;
3. College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China

Received:2025-04-22 Published:2026-08-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究探讨了百里香提取物对棉花立枯病病原菌（立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani）的抑菌活性及作用机制。结果表明：百里香提取物对立枯丝核菌的抑制作用呈现浓度依赖效应(EC₂₅=8.57 mg/mL,EC₅₀=14.44 mg/mL,EC₇₅=22.67 mg/mL)。百里香提取物处理的立枯丝核菌菌丝干重较对照组减少44.07%～89.83%，菌核产量降低19.75%～87.36%，菌核萌发率下降18.67%～81.33%；扫描电子显微镜（SEM）显示，百里香提取物处理后菌丝形态遭到破坏，出现不同程度皱缩、扭曲和断裂；碘化丙啶（PI）染色显示，百里香提取物显著增加菌丝细胞膜通透性，致胞外pH下降、相对电导率及蛋白质、核酸含量激增，细胞膜关键成分麦角甾醇含量显著下降16.12%～34.60%，菌丝体的可溶性蛋白减少16.46%～47.88%、可溶性糖含量则下降15.79%～37.65%。上述结果说明，百里香提取物能抑制立枯丝核菌菌丝生长和菌核萌发，破坏立枯丝核菌细胞膜的完整性和通透性，通过干扰细胞膜上麦角甾醇的合成来发挥其抗菌功效。本研究为棉花立枯病生物防治药剂的筛选提供了理论基础。

关键词: 棉花, 百里香, 植物提取物, 立枯丝核菌, 抑菌活性

Abstract: This study investigated the antifungal activity and action mode of thyme extract against the cotton damping-off pathogen R. solani. Thyme extract showed a concentration-dependent inhibitory activity against R. solani(EC₂₅=8.57 mg/mL, EC₅₀=14.44 mg/mL, EC₇₅=22.67 mg/mL). The dry weight of mycelia from R. solani treated with thymus extract decreased by 44.07%—89.83% compared to that of the control group. Meanwhile, sclerotial yield was reduced by 19.75%—87.36%, and sclerotial germination rate declined by 18.67%—81.33%. Scanning electron microscopy observation revealed thyme extract treatment severely compromised hyphae morphology causing varying degrees of shrinkage, distortion, and fragmentation. Propidium iodide（PI） staining indicated that thyme extract significantly increased hyphal cell membrane permeability, leading to decreased extracellular pH, elevated electrical conductivity, and a surge in extracellular protein and nucleic acid content. Additionally, ergosterol（a key membrane component） content decreased by 16.12%—34.60%. Soluble protein and soluble sugar contents in hyphae were reduced by 16.46%—47.88% and 15.79%—37.65%, respectively. The above results indicate that thyme extract can inhibit the mycelial growth and sclerotial germination of R. solani, disrupt the integrity and permeability of the cell membrane, and exert its antifungal activity by interfering with ergosterol synthesis on the cell membrane. This study provides a theoretical basis for the screening of biocontrol agents against cotton damping-off disease.

Key words: cotton, thyme, plant extract, Rhizoctonia solani, antifungal activity

中图分类号:

S476

王鹏程, 龚静云, 梁晶, 周小云, 胡林峰, 宁锐敏, 颜彬, 雷斌, 张一弓. 百里香提取物对棉花立枯丝核菌抑菌活性研究[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2026, 42(4): 958-968.

WANG Pengcheng, GONG Jingyun, LIANG Jing, ZHOU Xiaoyun, HU Linfeng, NING Ruiming, YAN Bin, LEI Bin, ZHANG Yigong. Antifungal Activity of Thyme Extract on Cotton Rhizoctonia solani[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2026, 42(4): 958-968.

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百里香提取物对棉花立枯丝核菌抑菌活性研究

Antifungal Activity of Thyme Extract on Cotton Rhizoctonia solani

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