棉花僵铃病拮抗菌的筛选及其防治效果评价

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.039

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 由枝孢菌Cladosporium spp.引起的棉花僵铃病在新疆各植棉区发生严重。为绿色安全防治棉花僵铃病，本研究采用土壤稀释法和平板对峙法筛选得到3株对枝孢菌具有较好拮抗效果的细菌。菌丝抑制试验结果显示，WHZ-3、WHZ-60和QHZ-42对枝孢菌生长表现出显著的抑制作用，病原菌菌丝出现畸形，其对枝状枝孢菌菌丝生长抑制率分别为64.70%、60.57%和75.63%；对柠檬状枝孢菌菌丝生长抑制率分别为63.92%、61.45%和74.15%。室内试验结果表明，3株拮抗菌对枝状枝孢菌防效分别为63.99%、27.70%和90.25%；对柠檬状枝孢菌防效分别为43.62%、75.92%和82.83%。田间试验结果表明，菌株WHZ-3和QHZ-42对棉花僵铃病防效分别为67.75%、80.16%，相当或显著高于对照药剂30%吡唑醚菌酯的64.34%。抑菌谱结果表明，3株拮抗菌在不同程度上能够抑制大丽轮枝菌、茄链格孢及麦根腐平脐蠕孢等多种致病真菌的生长。经形态学观察、生理生化特性分析并结合16S rDNA和rpoB多基因序列联合分析，确定WHZ-3、WHZ-60和QHZ-42分别为耐盐芽胞杆菌Bacillus halotolerans、摩加夫芽胞杆菌Bacillus mojavensis和枯草芽胞杆菌Bacillus subtilis。此研究结果为棉花僵铃病的防治提供了潜在应用价值的生防菌株。

关键词: 棉花僵铃病, 枝孢菌属, 生物防治, 防效

Abstract: The cotton stiff bolls disease caused by Cladosporium spp. occurs seriously in various cotton-growing areas in Xinjiang. This study utilized the soil dilution method and plate standoff technique to screen and obtain three strains of bacteria with excellent antagonistic effects against Cladosporium spp. to prevent and control cotton stiff bolls disease in a green and safe way. The results of the mycelial inhibition test showed that WHZ-3, WHZ-60, and QHZ-42 showed significant inhibition on the growth of Cladosporium spp., which inhibited the growth of mycelium of Cladosporium cladosporiodes by 64.70%, 60.57% and 75.63%, and that of Cladosporium limoniforme by 63.92%, 61.45% and 74.15%, and the pathogen mycelium appeared to be deformity of the mycelium of the pathogen. The results of the indoor test showed that the three strains of antagonistic bacteria inhibited 63.99%, 27.70% and 90.25% of Cladosporium cladosporiodes and 43.62%, 75.92% and 82.83% of Cladosporium limoniforme. The results of the field test showed that except for WHZ-60, the field preventive effect of strains WHZ-3 and QHZ-42 on cotton stiff bolls disease was equal to or higher than that of the control agent 30% pyraclostrobin by 64.34%, 67.75%, and 80.16%, respectively. The results of the inhibition spectrum showed that the three strains of antagonist bacteria were able to inhibit the growth of various pathogenic fungi such as Verticillium dahliae, Alternaria solani and Bipolaris sorokiniana. After morphological observation, physiological and biochemical characterization, and combined with 16S rDNA and rpoB multi-gene sequence analysis, WHZ-3, WHZ-60, and QHZ-42 were identified as salt-tolerant Bacillus halotolerans, Bacillus mojavensis and Bacillus subtilis, respectively. The results of this study provide potentially valuable biocontrol strains for the control of cotton stiff bolls disease.

Key words: cotton stiff bolls, Cladosporium spp., biological control, control effect

中图分类号:

S476

张驰, 金秉锟, 栗静雯, 都业娟, 黄家风, 张学坤, 刘政. 棉花僵铃病拮抗菌的筛选及其防治效果评价[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2025, 41(4): 895-905.

ZHANG Chi, JIN Bingkun, LI Jingwen, DU Yejuan, HUANG Jiafeng, ZHANG Xuekun, LIU Zheng. Screening of Antagonistic Bacteria and Its Control Effect on Cotton Stiff Bolls[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2025, 41(4): 895-905.

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