Morphological Differences in Embryonic and Post-embryonic Development between Male and Female of Encarsia lutea

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.03.004

Abstract

Abstract: To deepen our comprehension of the individual growth and development of both male and female Encarsia lutea Masi, and to contribute to the foundational biological knowledge of the Encarsia genus, we employed a tracking and recording method. Continuous observations were made on the embryonic development, post-embryonic development process, and morphological changes of both male and female. The findings reveal that during the embryonic development process, both female and male embryos undergo similar stages, encompassing nuclear division (1 ― 8 h), blastoderm formation (9 ― 12 h), germ layer formation (13 ― 23 h), gradual development of organs and systems (24―94 h), appearance of the embryonic membrane (69―84 h), and completion of internal embryonic development (85 ― 96 h). Both female and male wasps of E. lutea as endoparasitoids, and their morphological distinctions are not significant. Consequently, in the post-embryonic development process, morphological descriptions before pupation are based on females. Following oviposition, females develop into first-instar larvae in approximately 4 days. The first-instar larval period lasts about 1 day, the second-instar larval period is about 1 day, the third-instar larval period is about 2 days, and the prepupal period lasts about 1 day. The pupal period for both female and male lasts for 5―8 days. Average measurements at each developmental stage reveal that the developmental parameters (body length, body width, head length, head width) of females are larger than those of males, although the differences are not statistically significant. The results above indicate that there are no significant morphological differences in the embryonic development between female and male E. lutea wasps. Additionally, the morphological differences in the pre-pupal stage of post-embryonic development are not pronounced, but during the pupal and adult stages, females are larger than males, allowing for differentiation based on morphological characteristics.

Key words: Encarsia lutea, embryonic development, post-embryonic development, individual development

CLC Number:

S476.3

WU Shengyong, NING Xiaoxue, MAN Xiaoming, LIU Wanxue, YANG Nianwan. Morphological Differences in Embryonic and Post-embryonic Development between Male and Female of Encarsia lutea[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2025, 41(2): 464-472.

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