I. Journal Introduction
The Chinese Journal of Biological Control is sponsored by the Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and the China Society of Plant Protection, and is governed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. Its domestic unified serial publication number is CN 11-5973/S, its International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) is 2095-039X, and its postal distribution code is 2-507. It is published bimonthly and distributed publicly both in China and abroad. The journal is included in the Peking University Chinese Core Journals, is a source journal for the Chinese Science Citation Database (CSCD), and is a Key Magazine of China Technology.
The journal publishes research on the application of biological control technologies (including insect pests, pathogenic fungi, nematodes, weeds, etc.) and related basic research in the fields of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, health, environmental science, and other disciplines. Major areas include the utilization of natural enemies of insects; the utilization of pathogenic microorganisms and biopesticides; insect pheromones and physical and chemical control; botanical pesticides and plant immune induction; and research and application of biological control-related technologies such as ecological regulation and habitat management.
The main columns include Invited Reviews, Research Reports, Special Reviews, Research Briefs, Green Pest Management Methods and Technologies, and Identification of Natural Enemy Insect Species. Special columns or topics are also opened from time to time.
II. General Requirements
1. Manuscripts should feature novel topics, reliable data, clear arguments, a well-organized structure, and fluent language, and should be scientific and practical.
2. Research papers should generally be 7,000–10,000 Chinese characters. Review articles are generally invited contributions. Authors are advised to communicate with the Editorial Office about the proposed topic before submission.
3. Manuscripts must report original work that has not been published previously. Multiple submissions, plagiarism, and fabrication or falsification of data are strictly prohibited.
4. For research involving human subjects or experimental animals, the ethical review status must be stated. Research involving the release of genetically modified organisms or microorganisms must comply with relevant national safety management regulations.
5. Authors bear responsibility for the academic content of their manuscripts. The Editorial Office reserves the right to make necessary textual revisions. Authors will be consulted regarding major revisions.
6. If no notification of revision or acceptance is received within three months from the date of submission, authors may dispose of their manuscripts at their own discretion. Authors should retain copies of their submissions, as manuscripts are generally not returned.
7. Page charges will be collected for accepted manuscripts in accordance with the journal's regulations. Reductions or waivers may be granted at the journal's discretion for high-quality manuscripts. Authors will receive complimentary copies of the journal issue in which their papers are published.
III. Manuscript Components and Order
Chinese manuscripts should generally be arranged in the following order:
Title → Author Names → Affiliations (name, city, postal code) → Chinese Abstract → Chinese Keywords → Chinese Library Classification Number → English Title → English Author Names (in Pinyin) → English Affiliations → English Abstract (Abstract) → English Keywords (Keywords) → Main Text → Acknowledgments → References.
Funding information and author biographies should be placed as footnotes at the bottom of the first page.
IV. Specific Requirements for Each Manuscript Component
(I) Title
1. The title should accurately and concisely reflect the core content of the article and generally should not exceed 20 Chinese characters. Abbreviations, codes, and trade names that are not commonly known and used should be avoided.
2. A subtitle should generally not be used. If necessary, the title should be able to express a complete meaning independently.
3. The English title should correspond to the Chinese title. The first letter of each major word should be capitalized, and the remaining letters should be lowercase.
(II) Authors and Affiliations
1. The number of authors should generally not exceed 5, and the number of author affiliations should not exceed 3.
2. The order of authorship shall be determined by the authors themselves and, in principle, shall not be changed after submission. If a change is necessary, a written explanation signed by all authors must be submitted.
3. Where authors have different affiliations, superscript Arabic numerals should be used to indicate the corresponding affiliations.
4. The corresponding author should be marked with an asterisk, and an email address should be provided.
(III) Abstract
1. The abstract should be written in the third person, without expressions such as "this paper" or "we".
2. Abstracts of research papers should include four elements: objective, methods, results, and conclusion. They should be approximately 500 Chinese characters and be able to stand alone.
3. Abstracts of review articles should summarize the scope of the review, its main viewpoints, and conclusions, and should be approximately 300 Chinese characters.
4. Figures, tables, references, and undefined abbreviations should not appear in the abstract.
5. The English abstract must be consistent in content with the Chinese abstract and conform to English expression conventions; it should not be translated word for word.
(IV) Keywords
1. There should be 3–8 keywords, arranged in order of importance.
2. Standard subject terms should be used whenever possible, and coined terms should be avoided.
3. Chinese and English keywords should correspond one to one.
(V) Chinese Library Classification Number
The classification number should be provided according to the Chinese Library Classification. Generally, 1–2 classification numbers should be given.
(VI) Introduction
1. The introduction should outline the research background, the current state of research in China and abroad, and existing problems, and clarify the purpose and significance of the present study.
2. No "Introduction" subheading should be used, and references should not simply be listed.
3. The length should generally be limited to 1,000 Chinese characters.
(VII) Main Text Structure and Numbering
1. Level-one headings should be numbered using Arabic numerals "1", "2", "3"; level-two headings should use "1.1", "1.2"; and level-three headings should use "1.1.1".
2. There should generally be no more than three heading levels.
3. Headings at all levels should appear on separate lines, without punctuation at the end.
4. The main text should generally follow the structure of "Materials and Methods – Results and Analysis – Discussion". Results and Discussion may be combined or presented separately.
(VIII) Materials and Methods
1. The scientific names (in italics), strains or strain numbers, and sources of test insects, microbial strains, and crop varieties must be specified.
2. The experimental location, time, design, number of replicates, and statistical analysis methods must be clearly described to ensure that the experiments can be repeated by others.
3. The model and manufacturer of instruments used should be specified, and the purity and source of reagents should be indicated.
(IX) Results and Analysis
1. Data must be subjected to statistical tests, and the test methods (such as analysis of variance, Duncan's new multiple range test, and Tukey's HSD) and significance levels must be specified.
2. The same data should not be presented redundantly in both figures or tables and the main text.
3. All units of measurement must comply with the legally prescribed units of measurement.
(X) Discussion and Conclusions
1. The Discussion should compare and analyze the results of the present study with previous work and explain the innovations and limitations.
2. Repetition of the Results section should be avoided, and excessive speculation is not appropriate.
3. Conclusions should be clear and concise.
(XI) Acknowledgments
Individuals, institutions, or funding bodies that provided assistance with the research but are not listed as authors should be acknowledged. The Acknowledgments section should be placed after the main text and before the References.
V. Requirements for Figures and Tables
(I) Figures
1. Figures should be numbered as "Figure 1", "Figure 2", etc. Figure captions should be placed below the figures and provided in both Chinese and English.
2. Line graphs and bar charts must be provided as editable vector graphics (e.g., AI, EPS, PDF), or as TIFF or JPG files with a resolution of no less than 600 dpi.
3. Photographs must be clear, have a resolution of no less than 300 dpi, and include a scale bar.
4. Axes must be labeled with the Chinese and English names of the physical quantities and their units, such as "体长 Body length (mm)".
5. All text in figures must be in Chinese or provided in both Chinese and English, with a font size no smaller than 6-point.
(II) Tables
1. Tables should be numbered as "Table 1", "Table 2", etc. Table titles should be placed above the tables and provided in both Chinese and English.
2. Three-line tables (top line, header line, and bottom line) must be used throughout. Auxiliary lines may be added where necessary.
3. Units must be indicated for data in tables. Missing data should be represented by "-" or "ND".
4. Text in tables should preferably be in 10.5-point or 7.5-point font.
VI. Quantities, Units, and Symbols
1. Legally prescribed units of measurement must be used. Obsolete units must not be used. For example, ppm should be replaced with mg/kg or μL/L.
2. The genus name and specific epithet in Latin scientific names must be italicized. The first letter of the genus name must be uppercase, and the specific epithet must be lowercase. The full scientific name and the name of the nomenclatural author must be provided at first mention; thereafter, the genus name may be abbreviated.
3. Gene names should be italicized, while protein names should be in regular type.
4. Arabic numerals should be used for measurements and counts; Chinese characters should be used for ordinal numbers, idioms, and approximate numbers.
VII. References
(I) Basic Requirement
1. References must comply with GB/T 7714—2015 Rules for Bibliographic References and Citations to Information Resources, using the numerical citation system.
2. References should be numbered in the order in which they appear in the main text. Reference numbers should be enclosed in square brackets and placed as superscripts at the upper right of the relevant citations.
3. Only references that have been directly read by the authors and publicly published should be included. Generally, 15–40 references are required; more may be included for review articles.
4. Chinese references must be accompanied by their English translations. For English references, authors' surnames should precede their given names, which should be abbreviated without periods.
(II) Formats for Different Types of References
Journal articles:
Author(s). Title [J]. Journal Title, Year, Volume (Issue): First Page–Last Page.
示例：刘慧慧, 刘福, 暴可心, 等. 寄生于祁连圆柏球果银蛾的姬小蜂一新种(膜翅目: 小蜂总科)[J].中国生物防治学报, 2026, 42(5): 1279-1287.
Books:
Author(s). Title [M]. Edition. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication: First Page–Last Page.
示例：杨忠岐, 姚艳霞, 曹亮明. 寄生林木食叶害虫的小蜂[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2015: 103-104.
Contributions in books:
Author(s) of the contribution. Title of the contribution [M]//Author(s) of the book. Title of the book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication: First Page–Last Page.
示例：袁志明, 张用梅, 刘蛾英. 温度对苏云金杆菌芽孢和毒力的影响[M]//中国微生物学会农业微生物专业委员会编. 杀虫微生物(第4卷). 武汉: 武汉大学出版社, 1994: 222-224.
Dissertations and theses:
Author(s). Title [D]. Place of Preservation: Institution, Year.
示例：陈庆河. 无致病力青枯病病菌对番茄青枯病的控病研究[D]. 重庆: 西南农业大学, 2004.
Patents:
Patent Applicant or Owner. Title of Patent: Patent Number [P]. Date of Announcement or Publication.
示例：张某某, 李某某. 苏云金芽孢杆菌制剂微胶囊原粉及其悬浮剂的制法: 中国, CN100000000A[P]. 2006-01-01.
Standards:
Standard Number. Title of Standard [S]. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication.
Electronic resources:
Author(s). Title [EB/OL]. (Publication Date) [Access Date]. URL.
(III) Detailed Format Requirement
1. For references with no more than three authors, all authors should be listed. For references with more than three authors, only the first three authors should be listed, followed by “等” (or et al. for English references).
2. English authors' surnames should be written in full, with the first letter capitalized. Given names should be abbreviated without periods, e.g., Yoshimoto C M.
3. Full titles of Chinese and English journals should be used.
4. Both volume and issue numbers must be provided. The page numbers should not be preceded by “p.”.
VIII. Funding Information and Author Biographies
Indicate this information in a footnote on the first page.
1. For funding projects, provide the project name and grant number. Separate multiple funding projects with semicolons.
2. Author biographies generally include only the first author and the corresponding author, and should provide their names, ORCID IDs, professional titles, and email addresses.
IX. Submission Method and Procedures
1. Log in to the online submission system on the journal's official website and submit the manuscript online. Complete each field and upload the manuscript as prompted by the system.
2. The manuscript must be uploaded in Word format, and the original image files must be submitted separately.
3. The peer review process consists of an initial review by the editorial office, external review by two peer reviewers, and a final review by the editorial board.
4. Revised manuscripts must include a point-by-point response to the reviewers' comments, a description of the revisions, and a version with changes marked.
5. After acceptance, authors must submit an author contribution statement and a copyright transfer agreement signed by all authors, as required by the editorial office. The statement must confirm that the manuscript has not been submitted elsewhere, that there are no disputes over authorship, and that it contains no confidential information. Authors must also proofread the proofs.
X. Publication Ethics
1. Plagiarism, data fabrication, inappropriate authorship, and duplicate submission are strictly prohibited.
2. Sources must be cited when using others' work. Authorization must be obtained for the use of figures and tables.
3. Self-citations in the references should be kept within a reasonable range and must not be excessively included to inflate citation counts.
4. If artificial intelligence tools are used to assist with writing, the scope and purpose of their use must be stated at the end of the manuscript. Artificial intelligence tools must not be listed as authors.
5. Once academic misconduct is verified, the article will be retracted and the author's institution will be notified. Submissions from the author will not be accepted for two years.
XI. Other Matters
1. After manuscript acceptance, authors must provide high-resolution figures and original data for verification, as required by the editorial office.
2. Page charges and remuneration for authors shall be subject to the journal's current regulations.
3. The editorial office of Chinese Journal of Biological Control reserves the right of final interpretation of these instructions. Before submission, please refer to the latest announcements on the journal's official website.
